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1、初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解一、定语从句的概念:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开
2、，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The man that is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker（ that 指人，作主语）This is the doctor that you talked about yesterday.（that 指人 作宾语）There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. （that 指物 作主语）The letter that I
3、 received yesterday was from my father （that 指物 作宾语）2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music which is quiet and gentle.（which 指物作主语）The film which we saw last night was wonderful. （ which 指物作宾语）3.who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom，也可省略。例如：This is the thief who s
4、tole my bike （who 指人，作主语）He is the boy whom you wanted to find.（who 指人，作宾语）The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。作定语五、关系词只能用 that 的情况：1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。2.被修饰
5、的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything，anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用 which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？3.先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。4. 先行词里同时含
6、有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。5.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？6.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs
7、to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。六、关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：1.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。3.引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五
8、、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。初中英语定语从句专项语法练习（ ）1. I like the music I can
9、dance to.A. that B. whose C. when D. how（ ）2. The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.A.不填 B. why C. when D. what （ ）3. This is one of the best films I have ever seen.A. which B. that C. in which D. in that（ ）4. The town we visited a few years ago is much large than before.A. it B. who C. w
10、hich D. where（ ）5. The young lady we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.A. what B. whose C. whom D. which（ ）6. The man is smoking there is Li Mings father.A. which B. where C. who D. whose （ ）7. I like the teacher classes are very interesting and creative.A. which B. who C. what D. whose （ ）8. I
11、 like to live in the house is big and bright.A. that B. who C. how D. what（ ）9. -Do you know the man came here yesterday?-Yes , he brought me the most interesting book I had wanted to buy.A. who, which B. who, that C. whom, which D. what, that （ ）10. I love people are friendly to others.A. which B.
12、whose C. what D. who（ ）11. The skirt is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it.A. what B. / C. that D. it（ ）12. This is the girl mother is an English teacher of our school.A. that B. who C. whom D. whose（ ）13. The songs Alice sang were very popular.A. where B. who C. that D. whose （ ）14. -
13、Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes ， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom（ ）15. This is the best hotel _I know in the city.A. where B. which C. that D. it（ ）16. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which D. who（ ）17. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos Bwhose C. that D. of which.（ ）18. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was
