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1、AB级考试语法综述,一.词汇：,A级：认知3400个英语单词以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中2000个左右的单词能正确拼写，英汉互译。 B级：认知2500个英语单词以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中1500左右的单词能正确拼写，英汉互译。,二.语法,1）Tense（11时态） .1 Simple present，past，future（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时） present and past progressive（现在进行时和过去进行时） 3 Future Progressive（将来进行时） 4 Present and past perfect（现在完成时和过去完成时） 5
2、 Future perfect（将来完成时） 6 Present perfect progressive（现在完成进行时） 7 Past perfect progressive（过去完成进行时 ）,时态,1一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性事件的一种时间状态。 基本结构：主语+am/is /are+表语=Lucy is at home now. 主语+do/dose（+宾语）=I always get up early. 注：主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。 2一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态
3、；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 基本结构：主语+was/were+表语= I was late yesterday. 主语+did （+宾语）= She broke a glass just now.,时态,3一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 基本结构：主语+be going to/shall/will+do= My mother is going to/will buy me a computer. 4现在进行时：表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。说话的时候这个动作还在进行。 基本结构：
4、主语+am/is/are doing +(宾语)=Mr. Green is writing another novel. 5过去进行时：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作 基本结构：主语+was/were doing +(宾语)=I was typing a letter last night.,时态,6 将来进行时：将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。 基本结构：主语+will be doing =Please come tomorrow afternoon.Tomorrow morning Ill be having a
5、 meeting. 7 现在完成时:过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态 基本结构：主语+have/has done(+宾语)=He has already obtained a scholarship. 8 过去完成时:表示发生在过去的过去的动作。 基本结构：主语+had done+（宾语）= I had already finished my homework by the time he came.,时态,9将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作 基本结构：主语+will/shall+have+done=
6、Mary will have gone to Mexico next month. 10现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 基本结构：主语+have（has）been+doing = Scientists have been working on this project for a very long time. 11过去完成进行时:表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻方才结束. 基本结构：主语 +had been doing =He had been writing the letter till two oclock,语态：主动 被
7、动,概述：主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 7种时态及情态动词的被动语态基本结构,1.一般现在时：am/is/are +done 2.一般过去式：was/were+done 3.一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be+done 4.现在进行时：am/is/are+being done 5.过去进行时：was/were+being done 6.现在完成时：have/has been done 7.过去完成时：had been done 8.过去将来时：would
8、be done 9.情态动词：can/may/must+be done,We will build a new campus here next year. I just finished my homework two minuets ago. Mother is making a cake. He has already obtained the degree. I was watering the plant when he came in. People can change water power into electricity now.,Exercise,1.You can se
9、e the house _ for years. A. isnt painted Bhasnt painted C.hasnt been painted D.hadnt painted 2.Some new oil fields _ since 1976 A.were opened up B.has opened up C.have been opened up D.had been opened up 3.Doctors _ in every part of the world A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need 4.No permis
10、sion has _ for anybody to enter the building. A.been given B.given C.to give D.be giving 5.I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given,Exercise,6.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.serv
11、ed 7.Paper money _ for over a thousand years. A.used B.has been used C.has used D.is using 8.She _ for what she has done A.ought to praise B.ought to praised C.ought be praised D.ought to be praised 9.His new book _ next month A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been publi
12、shed 10.Can such a thing _ happening again? A.prevent from B.prevented from C.be prevented from D.to prevent from,语气,英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 概念：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 条件：在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气。表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气，即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际时。,应用类型1：
13、,第一类：非真实条件句 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况 If he doesnt hurry up,he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，就赶不上车了。 If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气） 注；在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was,非真实条件句中用法及形式,对情况相反的假设或主观推测,Making sentences,1) 如果他明天来这里，我一定告诉他实情（tell him the tr
14、uth.） 2)如果他现在在这里，一定会告诉我们该怎么做。（what to do） 3)如果我那时好好学习（study hard），我就能上北大了。（go to Peking University）,Examples：,与过去事实相反的假设 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事
15、实：没有听我的话） 3. If I had enough time, I would have read this book again. 如果有足够时间，我一定会把这本书再读一遍。（事实：没有时间）,Examples:,与现在情况相反的假设： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞（事实：我不是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你(事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, t
16、here would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水),Examples:,1.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈（事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了（事实：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一在这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。,省略If的倒装句,当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒
