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1、M6U1Grammar and Usage,Overview: infinitive, verb-ing 若说明的是人(sb.)的特性, 则用_.,It is nice_ you to help me with my English. 2. It is necessary _you to improve your spoken English.,of,for,for,of,II. v-ing作主语习惯表达法,1. It is no use (good) doing 做某事没用(不好),E.g. *Its no use crying over spilt milk. _。 *在公共场合随地吐痰(
2、spit)不好。 _.,2. There is no point in doing,覆水难收,Its no good spitting in public,III. V-ing 和to do作主语的区别,to do作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作, 具有偶然性; doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作, 往往表 抽象概念。,1. 散步是锻炼的一种好方法。 2. 教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。,Walking is a good form of exercise.,To teach these children is my job this afternoon.,Practice -What do
3、you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bike. A. As she lostB. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,C,(二)to do ,v-ing 做定语,1. She has no pencil _. A. to write with B. to write about C. to write D. write in 2. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending,
4、B,I. 不定式作定语,若作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词, 后必须要有介词,A,3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing,B,不定式做定语时: (1). to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由别人做;,-Do you have anyt
5、hing more _, sir? -No. You can have a rest or do something else. A. typingB. to be typed C. typedD. to type,B,4. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _. A. drunk B. to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking 5. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D.
6、 being answered,B,A,不定式常作不定代词和序数词的 后置定语,不定式作定语总结： 1. 若作定语的动词不定式是vi, 后必须 要有介词; 2. (1) to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2) to be done 表示事情由别人做; 3. 不定式常作不定代词和序数词的 后置定语。,II. 动名词与现在分词作定语的区别,总结: (1) 动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的 功能或用途, 可用for改写； (2) 现在分词作定语表示“主动/正在进 行”或“令人感觉”可用定语从 句改写。,swimming pool, waiting room, walking stick a s
7、leeping car = a car _ _ a sleeping child = a child _ _ _,for sleeping,who is sleeping,III. 现在分词和过去分词作定语,飘雪_ 落叶_ The underground system _ _ (build) now in the city will be open next year. 总结: v-ing现在分词作定语: _ _ v-ed过去分词作定语: _ _,falling snow,fallen leaves,being built,表示“主动，正在进行/ 令人感觉怎么样”,表示“被动，已完成/ 人自身
8、感觉怎么样”,Practice 1. Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carryB. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 2. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they were nowhere _. A. to findB. to have found C. to be foundD. being found,B,C,(三)宾语补足语,The boy wanted to ride hi
9、s bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,A,I. 常可以跟to do 做宾补的动词有 1. allow sb. to do sth. ask/advise/encourage/expect/force/would like/love/hate/order/teach/tell/want/warn wish/forbid/get等。 2. 使役/感官动词 have/make/see sb. do sth. (宾补) sb. be mad
10、e to do sth. (主补),II. 只能跟do (不含to的不定式) 作宾补的动词 1. 感官动词 (记忆口诀) 一感: feel 二听: hear, listen to (全过程) 三让: let, make, have 四看: see, watch, notice, observe(全过程) 2. 使役动词have/make/let(等)sb. do sth. III. 分词作宾补 1. have/make/let/get/see/hear(等) sth.+v-ed/v-ing 2. with sth.(n.) + v-ing/v-ed/ 3. leave sb. + v-ing/
11、v-ed/,2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 3. Though I have often heard this song _. I have never heard you _ it. A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing,D,C,(四) 状语,(1) John rais
12、ed his voice _. A. to make himself heard B. making himself heard C. to make himself hear D. making himself hear (2) Mr. Smith arrived home _. A. to find his purse steal B. to find his purse stolen C. find his purse stolen D. finding his purse steal (3) He hurried to the station only _(find ) the tra
13、in had left.,B,A,(表目的),(表结果),to find,(表意料之外结果),状语总结: 不定式作状语, 表目的/结果(往往指 意料之外的结果), 但要注意其逻辑主语应 与句子的主语保持一致.,All these gifts must be mailed at once_ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving,C,* 现在分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语相同;
14、 如果不相同, 分词前必须加上 自己的主语, 这种结构被称为独立主格结构。 E.g. The moon appearing, we began to set off. If time permits, I will stay for another week. =_, I will stay for another week.,Time permitting,状语总结: 2. 分词作状语 *v-ing: 主动、正在进行/表因果关系 *v-ed: 被动、已完成 *当分词的动作前无自己的逻辑主语，则 将其主语看成主句的主语， 而此时若表被 动常省略掉从句中的主语和系动词,*If you put m
15、ore salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious = Putting more salt into the soup, you will find *When he was asked about his family, he made no answer. (When) Asked about his family, he made.,Language points A. Useful expressions 1. 增强心肺功能 2. 放松肌肉 3. 参加 4. 带有呼吸问题的人 5. 幸福感 6. 消除/驱赶消极情绪 7. 表演
