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1、第2讲固体、液体和气体,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,本节目录,基础再现对点自测,知能演练轻巧夺冠,考点探究讲练互动,技法提炼思维升华,要点透析直击高考,Eval
2、uation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,知识清单 一、固体 1分类：固体分为_和_两类晶体分_和_ 2晶体与非晶体的比较,晶体,非晶体,单晶体,多晶体,Evaluation onl
3、y. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,二、液体 1液体的表面张力 (1)作用：液体的表面张力使液面具有_的趋势 (2)方向：表面张力跟液面相切，跟这部分液面的分界线_ (3)大小：液体的温度越高，表
4、面张力越小；液体中溶有杂质时，表面张力变小；液体的密度越大，表面张力越大 2液晶的物理性质 (1)具有液体的流动性 (2)具有晶体的光学各向异性 (3)在某个方向上看，其分子排列比较整齐，但从另一方向看，分子的排列是杂乱无章的,收缩,垂直,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client
5、 Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,三、饱和汽湿度 1饱和汽与未饱和汽 (1)饱和汽：与液体处于动态平衡的蒸汽 (2)未饱和汽：没有达到饱和状态的蒸汽 2饱和汽压 (1)定义：饱和汽所具有的压强 (2)特点：液体的饱和汽压与温度有关，温度越高，饱和汽压越大，且饱和汽压与饱和汽的体积无关,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Eva
6、luation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profi
7、le 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,四、气体 1气体分子运动的特点 (1)气体分子间距_，分子力可以忽略，因此分子间除碰撞外不受其他力的作用，故气体能充满它能达到的整个空间 (2)分子做无规则的运动，速率有大有小，且时刻变化，大量分子的速率按“中间多，两头少”的规律分布 (3)温度升高时，速率小的分子数_，速率大的分子数_，分子的平均速率将_，但速率分布规律不变,较大,减少,增加,增大,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2
8、.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,2气体实验三定律,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only
9、. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.
10、Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,热身体验 1.关于晶体和非晶体，下列说法正确的是() A有规则几何外形的固体一定是晶体 B晶体的各向同性是由于组成它的微粒是按照一定的规则排列的，具有空间上的周期性 C晶体一定具有各向异性的特点 D某些物质微粒能够形成几种不同的空间分布,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created wit
11、h Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,21.关于液体的表面现象,下列说法正确的是() A液体表面层的分子分布比内部密 B液体有使其体积收缩到最小的趋势 C液体表面层分子之间只有引力而无斥力 D液体有使其表面积收缩到最小的趋势 22.关于液晶，下列说法中正确的有() A液晶是一种晶体 B液晶分子的空间排列是稳定的，具有各向异性 C液晶的光学性质随温度的变化而变化 D液晶的光学性质随光照的变化而变化,Evaluation only. Created with
12、Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-
13、2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,32.(2011高考海南卷改编)关于空气湿度，下列说法正确的是() A当人们感到潮湿时，空气的绝对湿度一定较大 B当人们感到干燥时，空气的相对湿度一定较小 C空气的绝对湿度用空气中所含水蒸气的浓度表示 D空气的相对湿度定义为水的饱和蒸汽压与相同温度时空气中所含水蒸气的压强之比,Evaluation only. Create
14、d with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,41859年麦克斯韦从理论上推导出了气体分子速率的分布规律，后来有许多实验验证了这一规律若以横坐标v表示分子速率，纵坐标f(v)表示各速率区间的分子数占总分子数的百分比下面四幅图
15、中能正确表示某一温度下气体分子速率分布规律的是(),Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,5为了将空气装入气瓶内,现将一定质量的空气等温压缩,空气可视为理想气体下列图象能
16、正确表示该过程中空气的压强p和体积V关系的是(),Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,热身体验答案与解析,1解析：选D.机械加工可以使任何固体具有规则几何外形,故A错；B项中是解释的各向异性，故B错；只有单晶体具有各向异性的特点，C错；同一物质微粒可以形成不同的空间分布，D正确 21.解析：选D.液体表面层的分子稀疏，分子力表现为引力，具有使表面积收缩到最小的趋势，故D正确 22.解析：选D.液晶是一种分子排列有一定规则但不稳定的
