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1、英語發音與口語表達,2012新北市英語研習 李 櫻,如何掌握英語語音特色,學好發音的真正的關鍵： -足夠而不斷反覆的語言接觸 -正確而清楚的模仿標的 -正確的學習方法： 掌握英語的語音結構特色， 知道該聽什麼、該注意哪些語音特質,(一)母音和子音,語音的發音基礎： 氣流：氣流送出的方法有何不同？ 喉頭是否用力？ 受力的部位置在哪裡？ 嘴型：開合程度有何不同？ 嘴型是否有所改變？,母音的發音教學要領： 善用嘴型引導學生掌握關鍵語音特質 嘴巴開合程度 嘴巴形狀 臉頰肌肉鬆緊 以字母為例： A B, C, D, E, G F H, J, K P,T,V,X L, M, N, S 母音的對比關鍵： g
2、ate / get beat / bit late / let seat / sit,短詞、短句練習,1. Make a cake. Eat the cake. Eat it, please. 2. Take a break. Give us a break. 3. Bread and butter. Have some bread or cake. 4. Lets taste it. Lets test it. 5. Please make your bed. 6. Its a nice bed. Its a bad bed. 7. Sell the books. Theres big sa
3、le. 8. Betty sat on the bed. David sat at his desk. 9. Jenny is setting the table. 10. I made an apple pie and a banana cake.,短詞、短句練習,1. Paul just bought a boat. 2. Jane was caught in the heavy rain. 3. Janet told me to sell the coat. 4. Old Mr. Brown taught me a lot of new tricks. 5. Amy bought a n
4、ew dress from the big sale. 6. David and Tim often fought violently. 7. Jenny thought her brother would call her. 8. Wait a second, please. 9. Wait a moment, please. 10. Take it with you. Take it or leave.,What do we learn from names?,Amy, Jane, Jamie, Kate, Katie, David, Jamie Peter, Eve, Jean, Eug
5、ene Tim, Kim Jenny, Sherry, Jenifer, Jessie, Terry, Ken Sam, Pat, Katherine Thomas, Tom, Paul, Paula,英語子音的結構特質,(1) 英語子音的重要對比特質: 帶聲 (voicing) vs. 送氣 (aspiration) pie vs. buy pie vs. spy, apple (c.f. buy),英語語音的組合規律（音節結構）,（1） 音節結尾的阻塞子音 bookbirddoglike notebook hotdog textbook Nice to meet you.,英語語音的組合規
6、律（音節結構）,(2) 子音群 /tr/tree, try, tray /dr/dress, dry, drive / r/ three throw /r/ 與 /l/ 的子音群 /pr/, /pl/pray play /kr/, /kl/crowd cloud /fr/,/fl/fruit flute,英語語音的組合規律（音節結構）,（3）音節結尾的鼻音m, n name game time fromproblem (必須閉唇) brown town town sound count,短詞、短句練習,Pick up the book. He picked up the book. Pleas
7、e set the table. Please eat the cake. Take the cake/your lunch with you. What do you want?What is it that you want? Once upon a time, there was a king who had It is a nice swimming pool. Betty didnt want this story book. I need a hot bath/ I need some cold water.,(二)語言中的語調與節奏特色,每個語言都有其特有的韻律與節奏。 漢語系統
8、的語言: 聲調: 國語的四聲 (表達字辭意義) 媽 麻 馬 罵 國語的節奏-輕聲與非輕聲 爸爸 媽媽 東西,國內學習者的語調學習問題:漢語聲調和英語語調的混淆,例一: 字母的讀法 CNN ABC NBC BMW AIT AIDS 第一聲(高平調)? 第四聲(高降調)? 第二聲(上揚調)? 例二: 語句的讀法 I go to school every day. Are you going tomorrow?,英語重音與節奏 節奏的特色： 重 vs.輕 急 vs.緩 高楊 vs.低降 英語重音和節奏息息相關： 重音節：語音較響亮 (音量) 音調較高亢 (音高) 速度較緩慢 (音長) *母音較清晰,
9、英語語調的特質： 以整個語句或語詞組為單位 表達語句整體的句法言談功能或說話者的態度 Are you a teacher? / Youre a teacher. vs. Youre a teacher?/ Want some coffee?/ Red wine?/ White wine?/,英語語調的溝通功能： 上揚語調(或高平調): 未完成、不確定 (如列舉、正反問句) 有所保留、委婉客氣(如接待人員的談話) 下降語調 已結束、確定(如直述句) 較正式、肯定,英語語調教學舉例： 1. 字母或縮寫: (列舉、該單位尚未結束) ABC ABCD ABCDEFG CNN ABC BMW Cf. C
10、NN News Center/ ABC news report Its a BMW./ I like my BMW very much. How do you spell the word book/pen/apple? B-o-o-k./P-e-n./ A-p-p-l-e.,英語語調舉例： 2. 說話者對語句內容有疑問：正反問句 Do you like it?(You like it?) Is he your friend? (He is your friend?) Some coffee? Red wine? White wine?,英語語調舉例： 3.說話者對語句內容相當確定：直述句 Y
11、es, I like it very much. No, he isnt (my friend). Give me some coffee/red wine/white wine. 4. 說話者對語句內容大致確定， 只須詢問某一特定訊息： wh-問句 Whats your name? /How are you? Who is he? / When are you leaving?,英語語調舉例： 5. 說話者的態度 上揚語調: 驚訝、不確定、委婉、親切 下降語調： 確定、果斷 語調的社會意涵： 性別、年齡、場合、交談雙方之關係,u,英語語調舉例： 範例1： This is a bird and
12、 a tree. The bird is little. It is red. It is in the tree. The tree is green. The bird is singing.,範例 2： Close your eyes and open your ears. Its time for a story. No, Im not going to read it to you; you will listen to it on a CD, MP3, or cassette. Sound like a great idea? Well, in todays world, anyt
13、hing is possible,四、 從聽音、字母拼讀到篇章閱讀,由上而下vs.由下而上的閱讀策略 (top-down vs. bottom-up) -整體性訊息理解應優先於故事細節掌握 語調、重音、節奏、斷句與句法及篇章關係密切 -語言的音韻節律常透露語用訊息 -重音、語調、停頓等有助於句法的習得 聽音遊戲由整體語言的傾聽著手，從句子和韻文故事的練習，建立語音知覺的同時，同時掌握跨越單字範圍的語音現象，有利於語調、重音、節奏、斷句的習得,歌謠韻文: Im a little teapot, short and stout. Heres my handle, heres my spout. W
14、hen the tea is ready, hear me shout. Pick me up and pour me out! 重音、語調、停頓等常反映詞組結構關係: Close your eyes and open your ears. Its time for a story.,聆聽故事： *注意語調、節奏、重音所透露之語意語用訊息 *在故事進行中適時融入字母拼讀評量 The Wishing Well A mouse once found a wishing well. “Now all of my wishes can come true!” she cried. She threw
15、a penny into the well and made a wish. “OUCH!” said the wishing well.,The next day the mouse came back to the well. She threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “OUCH!” said the well. - The next day the mouse came back again. She threw a penny into the well. “I wish this well would not say ouch,
16、” she said. “OUCH!” said the well. “That hurts.” “What shall I do?” cried the mouse. “My wishes will never ever come true this way.”,The mouse ran home. She took the pillow from her bed. “This may help,” said the mouse, and she ran back to the well. The mouse threw the pillow into the well. Then she threw a penny into the well and made a wish. “Ah. That feels much better!” said
