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1、人教课标版 高二 选修 8 Unit 1,英语课件,Grammar,Look at the following clauses in the sentences and think about what role do these clauses play in the sentences.,What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle. This is why each year a great number of people from all over the world
2、try to immigrate to California. However, most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa.,主语,表语,宾语,1. 概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能, 名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Cla
3、use) 和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。,名词性从句,What he wants to tell us is not clear. I believe (that) he is honest. The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词/从属连词that, whether,
4、 if不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词: when,where,how,why,3. 不可省略的连词： 1) 介词后的连词 2)引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。,Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy. Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.,Subject Clause (主语从句) Object Clause (宾语从句) Predicative Clause (表语从句),Noun clause,一、主语从句在复合句中作主
5、语, 它可 以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在 句末, 句首则用形式主语it。,That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.,主语从句的用法,2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分, 只起连接作用, 不能省略 (注: if不可用来引导主语从句）,二、用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is名词从
6、句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识 (2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) It is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It is 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It
7、is said that 据说,It is certain that he will come. It is said that some American friends will visit our school next week. It happened that we were out for a walk yesterday evening. It doesnt matter whether I stay or not.,三、用带-ever的引导词 (如whoever, whatever) 引导的主语从句一般不后置。 Whoever leaves the room last sho
8、uld close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.,四、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句, 主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调, 无论强调的是什么成分, 都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:,It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or n
9、ot. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,五、what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句 子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that则不 然, 即不担任成分。例如： What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation.,句子结构： 主句 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句 连接词: 从属连词that, whether, if 连接代
10、词 who, whom, whose, which, what 连接副词 where, how, why, when,宾语从句的用法,He has got a pen. I think I think (that) he has got a pen. Where do they study English? Lily asks Lily asks where they study English. Will you help me? I ask I ask if you will help me.,一、连词 (引导词) 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导,
11、因为that在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster. Jane said (that) she wasnt late for the meeting.,2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词 (即连接词) 在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。,Do you know what he said just now? I dont remember when we arrived. I aske
12、d him where I could get so much money. Please tell me who we have to see. Do you know what time the plane leaves?,Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that,I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made. A. what B
13、. that C. how D. which,3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时, 由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if), 因为if/whether翻译成是否, 具有一定的意义, 所以不能省略。 Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag. Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city.,注意: 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下： A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如： The ques
14、tion is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.,B) 在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.,C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可
15、以省略) 如: It all depends (on) whether they will support us. D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not. E) 后面紧接or not 时。如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready., 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下： A) 引导宾语从句。如： I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not. B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如： He was not sure
16、whether (if) it is right or wrong., 关联词只能用 whether或if, 不能用that的情况如下： 若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时, 主句为肯定句用whether或if, 主句为否定句或疑问句用that。如： I doubt whether he will come soon.,I do not doubt that he will come soon. Do you doubt that he will come soon 注意: 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为未必可能”。 I doubt that he will come.,4. 跟在介词后的宾语从句: 宾语从句放在介词后作介词的宾语, 在使用这种结构时不能丢掉介词。 There is no news about whether a new bridge will be built. We are considering of wher
