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1、第21讲:被动语态之用法归纳语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态： will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过
2、去分词二被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the worldEnglish is widely spoken in the world now.(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .三主
3、动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。 注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。 3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变5, 被动语态中by+宾语的省略被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但
4、是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by +宾语常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languagesFootball is played in most schools。(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时Both English and Spanish a
5、re spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+byIt was made in Beijing Renai Education Institute .(2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?Was it made of b
6、amboo?(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+byWhat was is made of ?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroom-Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dict
7、ionary at once -A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+byYou must not take out any books .- Any books mustnt be taken out by you .They neednt look after the little child -The little child neednt be looked after (by them)(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+byCan you use it ?
8、-Can it be used ?常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .四特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give
9、/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI _ _ a book by him.A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I _ _ a cake by my motherA cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2.
10、带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watchmake sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sthThe boss made the workers work all dayThe workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。I h
11、eard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell
12、 ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive wellThis kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.第
13、21讲:被动语态之重要考点将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home.A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。2. A library with five thousand books _to the
14、nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”，排除选项A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came _.A. did the computer rep
