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1、Conjunction,连词,连词概说 作用：用来连接连接词、词组、句子或从句的词。,连词的分类,并列连词 从属连词,一、并列连词 1.表示平行或对等关系的并列连词： and, as well as, “和” ； bothand “和两个都”； not onlybut also “不但而且” neithernor “既不也不”,1.They work and live in Shenzhen. 2.He is a scientist as well as a poet. 他是一个科学家也是一位诗人。 3.I can play both football and basketball. 4.He
2、 is not only clever but also diligent. 他不仅聪明也很有智慧。 5.She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar. 她不仅会弹钢琴还会弹吉他。 6.He can neither read nor write. 他既不会读也不会写。,not only but also 关联两个分句时，如果是not only在句首，第一个句子必须倒装。 他不但喜欢读小说，还会写一些。 Not only does he like reading novels, but also he can write some.,2.
3、 表示转折关系的并列连词： but “但是”； however “然而”； while “而”； yet “然而”； nevertheless “然而” ; or否则 1.He worked hard, but he failed at last. 2.Id like to go with you. However, my hands are full. 我想和你去，然而我很忙。 3.She failed many times.Nevertheless, she went on with experiment. 她失败了很多次，然而她继续实验。 4.This is a glorious yet
4、 difficult task. 这是一个光荣但是很难的任务。 5.Some people like coffee, while other like tea. 一些人喜欢咖啡，而其他人喜欢茶。 6.Hurry up or you will be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。,3. 表示选择关系的并列连词： or “或者”； eitheror “要么要么” whether.or等。 We will die without air or water. 不是你对，就是我对。 Either you or I am right. 要么你是对的，要么我是对的。 Whether he will co
5、me or not is still unknown. 他会不会来，还不清楚。,Summary: (主谓一致) 1.and, bothand, 连接两个并列主语时，谓语一般用复数。 2.not onlybut also, 连接两个并列主语时，谓语一般以靠近谓语的主语为准就近一致原则。用到就近一直原则的连词还有：or, nor, eitheror, neithernor等 3.as well as, 连接两个并列主语时，谓语一般和第一个主语一致就远一致原则。用到这个原则的连词还有：with, together with, along with等。,二.从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。 分
6、为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语 从句的连词。,1. 引导名词性的从句,(1). that,(2). 连接代词 who, whom, which, what,(3). 连接副词 when, where,how,why,whether,2. 引导状语从句的连词,(1). 时间: when, while, as 当时 when+瞬间,延续性动词，whenever无论什么时候 while+延续性动词 as+瞬间,延续性动词 “随着” till/until, once, as soon as(一就),before no sooner.than; hardly.when,1.When they got
7、there, the train has left. 当他们到达这里的时候，火车已经开走了。 2.While he was in Beijing,he visited the Great Wall. 当他在北京的时候，他游览了长城。 3.Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once. 无论什么时候你遇到任何困难，马上告诉我。 4.I will wait till he comes back. 我会一直等到他回来。,5.Once you know the rules, you will find it easy to practice. 一旦你知道
8、了规则，你就会发现很容易练习的。 6.I will phone you as soon as I come back. 我一回来就会打电话给你。 7.You should think more before you do it. 在你做之前应该多考虑一下。 8.No sooner had I come home than it began to rain. 我一回到家就开始下雨了。 9.Hardly had I entered the gate when the bell rang.我一走进门口，铃声就响了。,(2). 原因:,because, for, as, since, therefor
9、e, so because 语气最重，引导的原因一般回答why提出的问题，它是句子重心所在。 For是并列连词，所说明的原因只是一种补充说明，它引导的分句一般不能放在句首。 as引导的从句表示明显为人所知的理由或不如句子其余部分重要，它一般放于句首，也可放在主句之后，常用语口语中，语气较because, since弱。 since与as意思相近，语气较as强，也较正式些，一般放在句末，也可放在句首。,1.Mary was absent缺席, because she was ill. 玛丽没来，因为她病了。 2.It must have been rained last night, for t
10、he ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下了雨，因为地面湿了。 3.Since youre ill, you dont have to go to school today. 因为你病了，今天你不需要去上学。 4.As all the seats were full, she had to stand there for 2 hours. 因为所有座位都满了，她只能在那站了两个小时。 5.Mother is busy so I often help her.妈妈很忙所以我经常帮她。 6.It rained.Therefore, the football match was put off.
11、 下了雨，因此足球比赛被推迟了。,(3). 让步: though/ although不与but连用. as(尽管), even if/ even though (即使),尽管天气冷,可他仍继续工作.,Though it was cold, he went on working.,= Cold as it is , he went on working.,1.Although she is young, she knows a lot. 尽管她很年轻，但她知道很多。 2.You should try again even if you failed. 即使你会失败，你应该再试一下。,（4）表目的
12、或结果 in order that, so that, so.that., 1.We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.我们努力学习是为了通过考试。 2.Speak loud so that everyone can hear clearly. 大声说好让所有人都能听清楚。 3.He got up so late that he missed the bus. 他起床晚了所以他错过了公交车。 （5）表条件 as long as/ so long as 只要.就. unless 除非，as far as/ so far as 就. 1.As long as I am free, I will go to help you. 2.I will go to the zoo unless it rains. 3.As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.,
