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1、专业英语翻译1.In the case of a resistor(电阻), the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohms law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. 就电阻而言，电压电流的关系由欧姆定律决定，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。2. the fundamenta
2、l law that is applied in（被应用） this method is Kirchhoffs first law, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltages（电压的代数和） around a closed loop is 0,or ,in any closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drops. 这里用到的基本定理是基尔霍夫第一定理，这一定理指出：闭合回路电压代数和为0，在任何闭合回路中，电压增加总量
3、与电压下降的总量相同。3.Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currentstermed loop（回路） currents flow in each loop of a network, algebraically summing（代数和）the voltage drops around each loop, and setting each sum equal to 0.网孔分析指的是：假设有一个电流即所谓的回路电流流过电路中的每一个回路，求每一个回路电压降的代数和，并令其为零。4One problem with electronic devi
4、ces corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains ,Au or Ai, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对应于像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在一个问题就是他们的增益Au or Ai取决于双端口系统的内部特征。5. The operational amplifier, or Op-Amp, is designed to minimize this dependence and to maximize the ease of design.
5、 运算放大器被设计的使它尽可能的减少对其内部参数的依赖性，最大程度地简化设计工作。6The transistor amplifiers, which are the building blocks from which Op-Amp integrated circuits are constructed , will be discussed. 作为构建运算放大器集成电路的基本模块，晶体管放电器，将会被讨论。7. Integrated circuit technology allows construction of many amplifier circuits on a single co
6、mposite “chip” of semiconductor material（半导体材料）.集成电路技术使得在非常小的一块半导体材料的复合“芯片”上可以安装许多放大器电路。8. One key to the success of an operational amplifier is the “cascading” (串联)of a number of transistor amplifiers to create a very large total gain.运算放大器的成功的关键是串联许多个晶体管放电器以产生非常大的总增益。9. A second important factor i
7、s that these circuit can be built in such a way that the current flow into each of the inputs is very small.第二个重要因素是这些回路是按照流入的每一个输入电流都很小的原则来设计制作的。 10. This is one of the features of Op-Amp design the action of the circuit on signals depends only upon the external element which can be easily varied b
8、y the designer and which do not depend upon the detailed character of the Op-Amp itself.这是运算放大器设计的重要特征之一在信号作用下，电路的动作仅取决于能够容易被设计者改变的外部元件，而不取决于运算放大器本身的微观特性。11.Note that if A=100000 and (R1 +R2)/R1=10, the prize we have paid for this advantage is that we have used a device with a voltage gain of 100000
9、 to produce an amplifier with a gain of 10.注意，如果A=100000 而 (R1 +R2)/R1=10， 那么为此优点而付出的代价是用一个具有100000倍电压增益的器件产生一个具有10倍增益的放大器。12.we shall now briefly discuss the relevance of such terminology（术语） ,and in so doing we shall bring out the special aptness of the designation “true” and “false” to identify t
10、he possible values of a variable.现在我们将简要讨论一下这些术语之间的联系，并在此过程中我们应该阐明用特殊标示“真”和“假”来识别一个可能值的变量。13.Finally let us connect the inputs to the devices on the chairs of pilots A and B and arrange that an alarm bell, connected to the output Z, respond when the output is V2(“true”) and not otherwise.最后，让我们把输入和
11、飞行员A和B座位下的装置联接起来，并安装一个与输入Z相连的警铃，当输出是V2（”真“）时响应，否则不响应。14.Just as other algebras deal with variable which have a numerical significance, Boolean algebra deal with proposition and is an effective tool for analyzing the relationships between propositions which allow only two mutually exclusive alternati
12、ve.和其他处理有数字意义变量的代数一样，布尔代数处理的是命题，而且布尔代数对于分析仅有两个互反变量的命题之间的关系是一种有效的工具。15.Similarly, if an effective is to be produced by a change in a logical variable , it is preferred that the logical variable so involved（有关的逻辑变量） be defined in such manner that the effect is achieved when the logical variable goes t
13、o logic 1.类似的，如果效果将通过逻辑变量的变化而产生的，那么最理想的是以这样的方式定义有关的逻辑变量，即当逻辑变量转到逻辑1时达到此效果。P6616. control systems designed by humans are used to extend their physical capabilities, compensate for their physical limitations, to relieve them of routine or tedious tasks, or to save money.控制系统被人们用来扩展自己的能力，补偿生理上的限制，或把他们从
14、规矩，单调的工作中解脱出来，或者用来节省开支。17.The analysis phase is concerned with determination of the response of a plant the controlled object）to commands, disturbances, and changes in the plant parameters.系统分析关注的是命令，扰动和系统参数的变化在被控对象响应中的决定性作用。18.If the response is unsatisfactory and modification of the plant is unacc
15、eptable, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements(the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.如果响应不满足要求且修改的参数不被接受，就需要进行系统设计，来选择使动态性能达到接受要求的控制元件。19.In those more complex cases where it is not adequate, the classical approach solution may aid in app
16、lying the modern approach and may provide a check on the more complete and exact design.在那些更复杂的情况中，经典方法虽不能满足，但解决方法可以对应用现代方法起辅助作用，而且可以对设计进行更完整和准确的检查。20.Modern control theory has arisen with the advent of high-speed digital computers and can be characterized by the states variable concept（状态变量的概念） with emphasis on matrix algebra and with analysis and desi
