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1、,Grammar,Members of the Sentence,主语：Subject 谓语：Predicate 表语：Predicative 宾语：Object 宾补：Object Complement 定语：Attributive 同位语：Appositive 状语：Adverbial,简单回顾：,复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句 构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子 的一个成分，不能单独成句。但它也有主语 和谓语，一般由连接词引导。,复合句：,English Complex Sentences,Adverbial Clauses (状语从句） Attributive Clause
2、s （形容词性/定语从句） Noun Clauses （名词性从句）,复合句分类：,Noun Clauses,Subject （主语） Object（宾语） Predicative （表语） Appositive （同位语）,Clause （从句）,名词性从句分类：,定义:,在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。,作用:,在复合句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,所以，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. T
3、he fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Subject Clauses 主语从句,(一),主语从句：句子的主语是由句子来充当的。主语从句一般位于句首。,他要来参加会议使我们很兴奋。,That he will come to attend the meeting tomorrow makes us excited.,主语,谓语,主语从句概念,Examples: 1) That he will succeed is certain .
4、 2) Whether he will go there is not known . （是否） How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.,(二),主语从句的使用,1. 我们所需要的是水。,2. 我们所需要的是有用的书。,What we need is water.,What we need are useful books.,一: 主语为从句时, 谓语动词一般要用单数形式; 但如果what引导的从句做主语代表复数概念(常可以从表语上看出) 时, 谓语动词则常用复数形式。,重难考点,连接词 “三姐妹” 语序问题很注意
5、 that what 要分清 如何后置it 帮忙,Conjunctions of Subject Clauses:,what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever),that, whether,when, where, how, why,（状语）,连接词“三姐妹” 1引导主语从句的连接词有三类： (1)连词that、 whether ： Whetherhellcomehereisntclear. That he will succeed is certain. Whether I can pass the driving test re
6、mains unknown. 连词that 和whether 在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，that 无词意，而whether 意为“是否”。,Whatshedidisnotyetknown. Who will write the poem has not been decided yet. Whatever he did is right. What caused the accident remains unknown. 注：连接代词和连接副词 在主语从句中作成分，有词义，起连接作用。,(2)连接代词who (谁，主格),whom(谁，宾格), whose(谁的，定语),what
7、(什么，主宾语), which(哪个),whoever,whatever,whichever等,3)连接副词where(在哪里),when(什么时候),how(怎样，怎么，多么),why(为什么)等。 Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.,When he will be back depends on the weather. How the pyramids were built is still a mystery.,_ the man I met yesterday in the hospital was Jims uncle was still unkn
8、own. _ she often asks me for help is true. _ you need is more practice. _ she had gone is not known yet. _he did it isnt quite clear. _he did the DJ performance with his deaf ear is unknown to us. _ astonished me most was _ she didnt even know J.K. Rowling.,Whether,That,What,that,Where,Why/when,How,
9、What,2. 主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: 1. That we shall be late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late. 2. That the earth is round is known to all. - 3. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is
10、 round.,用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识 (2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) It is不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It is过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 I
11、t has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句, 主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调, 无论强调的是什么成分, 都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:,It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that
12、the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,what与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that 则不然, 即不担任成分。例如： What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a wonder.,1It worried her a bit _ her hair was turned grey. A. what B. that C. if D. for 2_ he said at
13、the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3_ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What / what B. What / that C. That / that D. That / what 4 _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 5A computer can only do _ y
14、ouve instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when,用主语从句 完成句子,1._(她赢了这场比赛) made us very happy. 2. _(所需要的) is careful preparation. 3._(她是否来) doesnt matter too much. 4.That he will succeed is certain.(用it句型改写) _ 5.Why he did this is not known. (用it句型改写) _,That she won the game,What is needed,Wh
15、ether she is coming or not,It is certain that he will succeed.,It is not known why he did this.,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,如何判断表语：位于连系动词am , is, are, was, were, seem, look, taste, remain后的就是表语。 表语从句：在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。 基本结构为:主语 +系动词 + that从句。 Thats what we should do. Thats why I want to see you.,表语从句的用法,Examples The question is whether we can rely on him. 2. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . 3. He looked as if he was going to cry . 4. Th
