《小学英语句子基本结构课件培训讲学》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《小学英语句子基本结构课件培训讲学（44页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第一讲,一、句子的成分和基本句型 二、句子的种类 三、写作：接受便条,一、句子的成分和基本句型1句子的成分,主语+谓语=主题成分 表语+宾语（直接/间接宾语）+宾语补足语 定语+状语 =次要部分,主语subject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。,We study in NO. 1 Middle School The classroom is very clean Three were absent To teach them English is my job. It is may job to teach
2、 them English.,不定式作主语时， 常用形式主语it句型,谓语predicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致，它在主语后面。,His parents are doctors She looks well We study hard We have finished reading the book He can speak English,表语predicative表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后
3、面。,You look younger than before I am a teacher Every body is here. They are at home now My job is to teach them English,感官动词 look taste smell sound feel 表示状态 become remain keep prove get turn grow appear seem,宾语object宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。,She is playing the pian
4、o now He often helps me He likes to sleep in the open air We enjoy living in China,宾语补足语object complement “宾语+宾语补足语” =复合宾语,If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw a stranger enter the building. The boss kept them wo
5、rking all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.,状语adverbial 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式程度等意义，一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。,He did it carefully Without his help，we couldnt work it out (In order) to catch up with my classmates，I must study hard,定语attributive定语用来修饰名词或代词，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短
6、语，不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。,The black bike is mine What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. I have something to do.,2五种基本句型,第1种句型S+V 主语谓语（不及物动词）,He runs in the park. Class begins. We begin our class at 8. vi:必背p.6 sleep go laugh walk come stay swi
7、m work arrive happen/take place,第2种句型S+V+O主语谓语（及物动词）+宾语,My father read the book. She likes English. I know him very well. They want to go. He stopped writing. You must listen to me.,有些不及物动词后面加上介词 就可把它看成一个及物动词,第3种句型S+V+P主语+系动词+表语,He became a scientist. They are honest. 他们现在在家。 They are at home now. 我
8、的工作是教他们英语。 My job is to teach them English. keep look smell sound taste feel grow get go turn,第4种句型S+V+IO+DO 主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语,直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象 间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的 双宾语 :直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(动作目标) He gave Tom a present. Give it to me. 必背：p.7 间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(“给”)或for (给 、 “替” 、 “为” ),直接宾语和间接宾语的使用间+直当直接
9、宾语是人称代词时，为了强调间接宾语，直+间,我把它递给我妈妈。 I passed it to my mother. 她把它们扔给我。 She threw them to me. 我为他找到多余的书/票。 I found spare books/tickets for him.,I send him it,“疑问词+不定式” 作直接宾语,他教我如何读这个单词。 He taught me how to read the word. 我告诉他做什么。 I told him what to do. 他问我为什么唱这支歌。 He asked me why to sing this song. 她问我走哪
10、条路。 She asked me which way to go.,第5种句型S+V+O+OC主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语 call，name，make，think，and，leave,他们使她幸福。 They made her happy. 我们叫她康妮。 We call her Connie. 我觉得这部电影很有意思。 I found the movie interesting 他让这个窗户开着。 He left the window open 我看见她跳舞了。 I saw her dance.,watch，1ook at，listen to，hear feel，let，make 宾
11、补由不定式担当，省去to。但变为被动语态时，+to She was seen to dance,第4种句型和第5种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的比较,第4种句型变为被动语态，有两种情况： We sent them a telegram. They were sent a telegram. A telegram was sent to them. 第5种句型变为被动语态时，只有一种句式。 I will make you king. You will be made king.,He gave me a book. He calls me Tom. 宾语+宾语补足语可以形成逻辑上的主谓关系，即“我是
12、汤姆； 间接宾语和直接宾语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即不能想像为“我是一本书”。,1 用所给的单词组成句子,1.to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the I want to take the heavy box to the room. 2.look, things, the, after, boys, their, must The boys must look after their things. 3.here, all, are, you You are all here. 4.today, who, duty, is, on W
13、ho is on duty today? 5.Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese Miss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago. 6.is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the There is much rice in the bag.,2 根据中文提示，完成下列句子,1.Have you ever been to (最远的小岛)? 2.We must (保持清洁) our classroom. 3.They and (每两小时，必须坐下休息)two hours.
14、4.After work he always (感到有点儿累). 5.There is (有点儿毛病) with Lindas cats eyes. 6.I can see (没有异常之物) in the tree. 7.Mr. Fang is (去访问) his aunt.,the farthest island,keep clean,have to sit down,rest every,feels a little tired,something wrong,nothing unusual,on a visit to,二、句子的种类,陈述句This is a dog.这是一只狗。 疑问句
15、Is this a dog? 这是一只狗吗？ 感叹句What a beautiful dog this is！这是只多么漂亮的狗！祈使句Open your eyes!睁开眼睛！,简单句I am studying.我在读书。 并列句I was born in a small village and I lived there for ten years. 我出生在一个小村庄里并在那里生活了十年。 复合句As soon as I get there, Ill call you .我一到那儿，就给你打电话。,1、陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子有肯定式和否定式。句末用句号
16、“”，通常用降调,否定式的缩略形式 is notisnt are notarent was notwasnt were notwerent do notdont does notdoesnt did notdidnt can notcant will notwont must notmustnt have nothavent has nothasnt had nothadnt am not无所写形式， 应为Im not 形式,a 进行时和被动语态（现在时、过去时、进行时） 都有be动词， 所以它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 这个孩子以前没有被照顾过。 The child was not looked after. 他们没在打扫房间。 They arent cleaning the room .,b 将来时（will、shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态 不能用be动词的否定句型。 ()They will be not sen
