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1、语法名词性从句,noun clause,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子概论,简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold. 主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 He laughed. 主语+谓语（vi.） I like Chinese food. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 She taught them physics. 主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt.) +
2、宾语+宾语补足语,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not o
3、nly but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom,2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know (that)he is from America,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive
4、 Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,多由that, wh-疑问词或whatever等关系代词引导,主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句，,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句 中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont
5、like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从
6、句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,Object Clauses 宾语从句,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句。,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):,what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever,that
7、, whether, if,when, where, how, why,一、连词（引导词） 1. that 1.当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。,E
8、veryone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,3.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team
9、 will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导， “是否”，不能省略。,(1).Lily wanted to know_ her grandma liked the handbag . (2). Lets see_ we can find out some information about that city . (3).She asked me- she could borrow these books .,注意 whether和if的使用区别:,1).whether
10、和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当有or not时就用whether,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2. whether/if,if /whether,if /whether,if /whether,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _
11、he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_ to go.,whether,3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose when, where, how, why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Do you know - he said just now ? I
12、 dont remember- we arrived . I asked him - I could get so much money . Please tell me- we have to see . Do you know - time the plane leaves ?,what,when,where,who whom,what,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I know he _- here .(live) I know he- her
13、e ten years ago .(live) I have heard that he -tomorrow .(come),2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who - here.(live) I saw she _- her mother. (talk) He asked whether his father _tomorrow. (come back) He said that he _it .(see),3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般
14、现在时。,The teacher said that the earth -around the sun.（travel）,lives,lived,will come,travels,lived,was talking with,would come back,had seen,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1.I dont know what is the matter the troublewrong with him. 2 .I dont know who did it. 3. I dont know who is he,1. When will h
15、e go to the library? 1 His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2 His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? 1 I dont know what he wants to buy . 2 I dont know what does he want to buy .,We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.,2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.,注意： it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语, 真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,*_(我们觉得很奇怪)she didnt go to school today.,We think it strange that,Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.,1. -
