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1、4,一、一般现在时 1一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 4
2、) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.,二 一般过去时 1一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, 等。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
3、When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.,3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had)
4、rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.,三、一般将来时 1一般将来时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态， 或将来某一段时间内经常进行的动作或状态。 1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you
5、 going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.,3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to
6、不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 用于条件句时,用于条件句时， be going to表将来 will表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主
7、观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排),2 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）
8、倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Mak
9、e sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 5用现在进行时表示将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 Im leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?,四独立主格 1“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。 独立主格结构的构成： （1）名词(
10、代词)+现在分词、过去分词； Time permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow. Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard （2）名词(代词)+形容词； So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.,保持微笑,（3）名词(代词)+副词； The meeting over, they all went home. （4）名词(代词)+不定式； He is going to make a mode
11、l plane, some old parts to help （5）名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door,2独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. T
12、he president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.,This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.,5,
