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1、专题四 形容词和副词,一、形容词分类及基本用法 形容词就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 基本用法如下表：,二、复合形容词,三、副词分类及基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句的词汇。 副词分类及用法如下表：,【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题： 限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老, 颜色国籍和材料, 作用类别往后靠。 说明：（1）“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代
2、词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。 （2）“描绘”性形容词,如beautiful, bad, cold, great, etc. （3）“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词； （4）表示“形状”的词，如round, square, etc. （5）“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词；“出”指出处。“材料”的词，如wooden, woolen, stone, silk, etc.,（6）“作用类别”的词，如medical, college, writing (desk), police (car), etc. 【考点二】考查形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名
3、词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置： （1）形容词短语作定语时要后置。 Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2）表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive, etc.。 All the people present at the party were his supporters. （3）形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和ever
4、y构成的复合词，如anything、something等时，通常后置。 I have something important to tell you. 【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语 形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。 He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.,【考点四】考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”
5、或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested /interesting; excited /exciting; frightened /frightening; surprised /surprising; pleased /pleasing; moved /moving; disappointed /disappointing等。 Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents worried. It is believed that if a
6、book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader. 注意：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。 He told me the news in an excited voice. The man is interesting.,【考点五】考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型,【考点六】考查形容词与副词区别 （1）“名词+ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, mont
7、hly, daily等。 （2）too much和much too的区别 too much可以充当形容词，含义是“太多的”，后接不可数名词；充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词；充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。 I have too much homework to do. Watching TV too much is bad for your health. You gave me too much. much too充当副词，意为“太”，在句中修饰形容词或副词。 Its much too expensive.,【考点七】考查比较等级的修饰语,【难点一】考查likely, pos
8、sible与probable的辨析 用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 I am _ to be late for the film. It is _ for us to finish the work within three hours. It is _ that the headmaster will come to listen to our class. 解析：likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，常用结构有：sb. / sth.+be+likely+to do sth.；It is likely+that-clause； possible表示客观上的可能性，常构成的结构有：I
9、t is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible+that-clause； probable表示“可能发生或实现的”，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有： sth. is probable; It is probable + that-clause。综上分析可知，题填likely；题填possible；题填possible或probable。另外，likely还可用作定语形容词，意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。,She is the most likely girl to win the prize. 她是最有希望得奖的女孩。 【难点二
10、】考查形容词alive, lively, living和live的辨析 用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 He is telling a very _ story. We found the snake _. The _ are more important to us than the dead. The fish is still _ . They are watching a _ television show now. 解析：lively 有“活泼的，快活的，生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思；alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命
11、的”意思，但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living置于名词前后均可），也可以作表语；只有alive可作宾语补足语；只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。所以，题填lively，题填alive，题填living，题alive和living均可，题填live。,【难点三】考查senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用表示比较的概念 用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 Their watch is superior _ all the other
12、watches on the market. He runs a lot faster _ I. 解析：某些以-ior结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，其后要接介词to。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。因此，题填to；题是比较级，填than。,1. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010全国) A. so B. very C. too D. rather
13、 解析：选A。考查形容词的平级比较。句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。题干中的关键词是as，结合句意可知，这里是形容词please的平级比较。 2. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.(2010全国) popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：Black先生很高兴，因为他工厂生产的服装从没像现在这样受欢迎。否定比较级相当于肯定，类似
14、的还有too, enough。 3. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey. (2010上海) A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours,解析：选C。考查复合形容词。“三小时的路程”有两种表达方式：a three-hour journey和three hours journey。 4. _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people t
15、hrough her smile.(2010安徽) A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic 解析：选D。考查形容词作状语。句意为：愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。 shy and cautious害羞而小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感而多虑的；honest and confident诚实而自信的；lighthearted and optimistic豁达而乐观的。 5. Drunk
16、driving, which was once a _ occurrence, is now under control.(2010福建) A. general B. frequent C. normal D. particular,解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：曾经一度常发事故的醉酒驾车现在已经被控制了。frequent频繁的；general一般的；normal正常的； particular特别的，特定的。 6. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(2010湖北) A. private B. personal C.
