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1、虚拟语气 Subjunctive,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,虚拟语气,例句 1. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。 (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 2.If you had come a
2、few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 (与过去事实相反) 3. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 (与将来事实可能相反),虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,1.If I were in school again, I would wok harder. Were I in school again, I would work harder. 2.If you had been here earlier, you
3、 would have seen him. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. 3.If it should rain, the crops would be saved. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.,虚拟语气,三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he
4、had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：,虚拟语气,1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 坚持（insist),建议(suggest, advice, propose, ) ，要求(demand, request, require,desire )命令(order, command)等。 2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。 3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况： 1
5、) 现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,例句 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。 4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。 5. He ordered th
6、at the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 例句 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the
7、blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 He insisted that he was right.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.I wou
8、ld rather he painted it blue. I would rather you had gone there.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,He is not a pilot, but he wishes he_ (be). I wish I _(meet)him yesterday. I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow. He ordered the work _ (start) at once. 5. Id rather you _(stay) at home all day today.,were,had met,would be,(should
9、) be started,stayed,EXERCISES: 1.I wish the air _ (be) not so polluted around here. 2.The doctor suggested he (lead) a more active life - exercise more, and not sit at his desk all day. 3.We forgot her telephone number. If we (remember) it, we (give) her a ring. 4.I wish he _. A. had not gone B. has
10、nt gone C. not go D. wont go 5.How I wish I _ at your age. A. am B. am not be C. will be D. were,were,(should) lead,had remembered,would have given,A,D,6.At the meeting the students suggested that the plan _ changed a bit. A. must be B. should be C. would be D. was to be 7.He insisted _. A. not to g
11、o out with me B. that I not go out with him C. not me to go out with him D. that I dont go out with him 8.The dark clouds suggest that it _. A. should rain B. rain C. would rain D. is going to rain 9.I wish you _ so much noise. A. dont make B. shouldnt make C. wouldnt make D. mightnt make,B,B,D,C,虚拟
12、语气,在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： (should )+ 动词原形 例句 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,虚拟语气在 在主语从句中,1. It
13、is strange that he _(make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected. 2. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip.,(should) make,bring,3.It is important that he _English before going abroad. A. will study B. studies C. studied D. study,D,虚拟语气,主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(sugges
14、tion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.,虚拟语气在 在表语从句中,在表语从句或方式状从中,1. My demand is that you _ (get up)at six. 2. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 3. They talked as if they _(be) good friends f
15、or years.,(should) get up,were,had been,虚拟语气,同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.,虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中,在同位语从句中,Presently he made the suggestion that they _(carry on)their conversation in French.,(should) carry on,虚拟语气,在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done). 一、as if 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days. 二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the
