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1、The Modern Period in American Literature,Biography Works and Style Selected works,If America had a national poet in the 20th century, it is certainly Robert Frost.,Born in San Francisco in 1874. At the death of his father , when Frost was eleven , his mother brought him to Massachusetts . After grad
2、uating from high school in 1892, Frost entered Dartmouth College but soon left. In 1895, he got married. In order to support the family, he did odd jobs: teaching school and working in a mill and as a newspaper reporter. In 1897, he was accepted as a special student by Harvard but withdrew after two
3、 years because of his increasing dislike for academic convention. For the next twelve years, Frost made a minimal living by teaching and farming while continuing to write his poems.,In 1912, he and his family moved to England, where he found a publisher for his first book of verse, A boys will (1913
4、) In 1914, Frosts second book, North of Boston, was published by David Nutt. Determined to win recognition in his native land, Frost returned to the US and settled on a farm in his native land. In 1915, Frost relocated his family to New Hampshire. For forty-two years, from 1921 to his death, Frost s
5、pent almost every summer and fall teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College. In 1963, he died on January 29 in Boston.,Works,1. Collection of poems A Boys Will（1913） North of Boston（1914） New Hampshire（1923） Collected Poems（1930） A Further Range（1936） A Witness Tree（1942） We
6、st-Running Brook Mountain Interval In the Clearing,Pulitzer Prize,2. Poems Birches After Apple-Picking Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The Road Not Taken Acquainted with the Night 3. Plays A Way Out: A One Act Play (Harbor Press, 1929). The Cows in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide
7、 Mountain Press, 1929). A Masque of Reason (Holt, 1945). A Masque of Mercy (Holt, 1947).,“ All poetry is a reproduction of the tones of actual speech.” 诗乃实际说话音调之复制品。 “ Writing free verse is like playing tennis with the net down.” 诗歌如不讲韵律，就像打网球不设拦网一样。,Robert Frost said:,Robert Frost also said:,“ I am
8、 always saying something thats just the edge of something more.” How do you understand the edge of something?,Frosts style,Frosts nature poetry is closely related to his pastoralism. he used symbols to form everyday country life to express his deep ideas. Rejected the revolutionary poetic principles
9、 of his contemporaries, he used traditional forms such as the blank verse, plain language of rural New Englanders. There is a steady tone of wry humor and a virtually inexhuastible verbal grace. As a whole, Frosts art is an act of clarification, which,without simplifying the truth, renders it in som
10、e degree accessible to everyone.,Features of His Poems Profound meanings are hidden underneath the plain language and simple form. (1) His poems mostly wrote about nature (influenced by Wordsworth and Emerson) and New England landscape. (2) Deceptively simple style (reason for popular) (3) Symbolism
11、 (show his poems deep meaning) (4) He was likely to choose traditional forms for his poem, but the themes of his poems are mostly modern. (In his poems, traditional elements and modern elements mingle together.),Thematic concerns Generally Frost is considered a regional poet whose subject matters ma
12、inly focus on the landscape and people in New England. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature, as well as its beauty, and the loneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. Frost wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of mans life: the individuals relations
13、hips to himself, to his fellow-man, to world, and to his God.,Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farm
14、house near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake The only other sounds the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sl
15、eep, And miles to go before I sleep.,雪夜林畔小驻 余光中译 想来我认识这座森林， 林主的庄宅就在邻村, 却不会见我在此驻马， 看他林中积雪的美景。 我的小马一定颇惊讶： 四望不见有什么农家， 偏是一年最暗的黄昏， 寒林和冰湖之间停下。 它摇一摇身上的串铃， 问我这地方该不该停。 此外只有轻风拂雪片， 再也听不见其他声音。 森林又暗又深真可羡， 但我还要守一些诺言， 还要赶多少路才安眠， 还要赶多少路才安眠。,Selected from New Hampshire, the poem is written in iambic tetrameter（抑扬格四音
16、步） with the rhyme scheme as AABA-BBCB-CCDC-DDDD. The poem presents a picture of tranquility: on a winter evening, a sleigh driver stopped by a wood while everying is covered with snow. However, the scene of tranquility is not without the temptation of death. The speaker for a while was rather attracted by the mystery of death. Fortunately, his former promises reminded him of his responsibility in the world and he was detached from the dark woods.,Love and a Question A Stranger came to the
