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1、There are many sleeping students in class.,（表语）,（定语）,Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.,The students feel the lesson boring.,The lesson is boring.,（宾补）,（状语）,3. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,1. a running man,一、
2、V-ing used as attribute:,小 结:,V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行或与所修饰名词有逻辑上的主谓关系.,单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例3）.,在礼堂里做演讲的教授 在田间劳作的农民 持续半个小时的会议 朝街的大楼,the professor giving a speech in the hall,the farmers working in the field,the meeting lasting half an hour,the building facin
3、g the street,Translate the phrases using v-ing：,The teacher teaching us English is Mr. Sun,=The teacher who teaches/ is teaching us English is Mr. Sun.,The people sitting behind us are all teachers.,=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.,注意: 现在分词与动名词作定语时的区别： 动名词表示其修饰名词的性质或用途，与它修饰的词无
4、逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词做定语，表明被修饰名词的在进行的动作，与这个名词构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。,a sleeping car = a car for sleeping,a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping,动名词,现在分词,a waiting taxi =,a taxi which is waiting,a waiting room =,a room for waiting,2.We noticed a lot of people_ _,二、 V-ing used as Object Complement:,1. We saw s
5、ome students _ _,3.They have the fire burning all night.,playing basketball on the playground.,waiting to enter the stadium.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例3）,小 结 ：,V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：,小 结 ：,表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有 see, hear, feel, find, notice, observe, watch等。,2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有ha
6、ve, set, keep, catch, leave等。如：,在see, hear, notice, feel, find等动词的后面，用现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行（即观察到整体动作的一部分）,用不定式做宾补表示全过程。,I saw him working in the garden yesterday. I saw him work in the garden yesterday.,1. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 2. We heard them _ (quarrel) about money after the
7、concert; they looked very angry. 3. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 When we returned to the school, we _at the entrance. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 I _on the ground. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。 The boss _the whole night.,found a stranger standing,fo
8、und a bag lying,kept/had the workers working,他对母亲的关爱很感人。 His concern for his mother is _.,三、V ing used as predicative,touching/moving,-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的性质 The film is interesting.,小提示：动名词和现在分词可用very来鉴别:在v-ing前加上very句意说得通的是现在分词,说不通的是动名词.,Predicative,This destruction is frightening
9、. 比较：Her job is looking after children.,Looking after children is her job.,interesting使人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的sa
10、tisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的,四、 V-ing used as an adverbial:,V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、 结果、条件、伴随 、让步等状语。,-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,1. 作时间状语,_
11、, I decided to write back.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 =_,I decided to write back.,Having received his letter,After I had received his letter,因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。 _, he didnt go last week. _ _, he didnt go last week.,-ing短语作原因状语一般置于句首。如： Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. =Because he was so angry, he couldn
12、t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。,2. 作原因状语,Having been to the Great Wall many times,Because /As he had been to the Great Wall many times,3. 作结果状语,The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty. =The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result,the air is made dirty.,-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如： Working hard
13、, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。,4. 作条件状语,注意：_, and you will succeed.,Work hard,-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：,5. 作让步状语,Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food. =Although his father worked from morning till night,
14、 he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,6. 作伴随/方式状语,While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice. =While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.,小
15、结:,1. -ing短语可以直接与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用，如：,3. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。,一些独立结构： 1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.,speaking,Judging,2.Basic forms of verb-ing,doing,being done,having done,having been done,4.非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词 He sat there, not knowing what to say.,1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her f
