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1、高考语法复习系列二,动词时态和语态,一.一般现在时态： 1.一般用法: 1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用. 时间状语: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。 e.g. He often goes to the cinema. 2表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力） 3表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. Knowledge is power. （客观真理）,2.特别用法: 1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.
2、 Ill write to her when I have time,2让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g. Whether you help him or not, he will fail. Next time Ill do as he says. 3表示按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g. The train leaves at 12:00.,2.特别用法: 过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气: 1) 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等: I wondered if you could help me.
3、 能不能帮我一下。 2) 情态动词 could, would。 e.g. Could you lend me your bike? 能借用一下你的自行车吗？,三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）: 1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g. -You forget to close the door. -Oh, Ill close it at once. will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirro
4、r.,2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 主语的意图，即将做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are
5、 to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。 5. be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。 e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00.,四.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.） 1.基本用法: 1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,
6、已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果, e.g. He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市） Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着） 2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g. We have been busy this afternoon.,2.用现在完成时的典型场合: 1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g. I havent seen her since last week. Where have you been
7、since I last saw you? 2句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months ）/up to now/until now e.g. So far there has been no news. 3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）timethat从句” 或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句” 或“It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句” e.g.,It/This/That is the first time that I h
8、ave come to Zhejiang. It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）,3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别: 1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状
9、语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等,e.g. Ive lived here for ten yea
10、rs. （现在仍住在这儿 ） I lived here for ten years. （现在不住在这儿 ） He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子） He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）,五.现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing） 1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown t
11、o work? -Yes, thats why I _ to work by train. have been going have gone was going to will have gone,六.过去完成时（had p.p.） 1.表示过去的过去 时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once e.g. I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。 2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动
12、词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g. I had meant to come, but something happened.（ I meant to have come, but something happened. ） I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. ）,3.一些特殊句型中的过去完
13、成时: 1“It/This/That was the first （second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That was the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句” 2by（ the end of ) / by the time 过去时间, e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 3no sooner than ; hardly
14、 /scarcely when No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.,七.将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.） 1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g. When we get there, shell have gone to work. 2.by（ the end of ）将来时间, e.g. We will have learnt 3,000 word
15、s by the end of next term. By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine. 3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g. Ill go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。,八.现在进行时（ bev-ing ）: 1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g. Were having a meeting. （说话时正在进行的动作） 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期
16、的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching in a school. （目前这个阶段正在进行的动作） 3. 现在进行时表示将来, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow.,4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly / continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. Shes always helping others. 5.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g. She is foolish.（生性如此） She is being foolish.（一时的表现） 能这样用的形容词多为angry, careful, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等动态形容词。,不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, inc
