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1、Unit9,AnimalEmothions,BenefitsandProblems,Benefits:Problems:,companion,helper,disease(rabiesorhydrophobia),attack,noise,pissinganddropping,Readthefollowinglettersandtelltheclassyouropinions.,P.1linger,staysomewherealittlelonger,你经常下课后还待在教室不走吗？,Doyouoftenlingerintheclassroomaftertheclass?,Theylingere
2、dovercoffeeandmissedthelastbus.Mikecouldnthelplettinghiseyeslingeronherface.,P2matriarch,女家长,高雅的老妇人,matri:表示“母”之义matricentred:以母亲为中心的,母权的matricide:弑母arch:表示“第一的,主要的”之义hierarchical:分等级的,Analyzethissentence:whatisrefusingparallelto?,Flintgrowsincreasinglylistless,withdrawingfromthetroopdespitehissibli
3、ngseffortstobringhimbackandrefusingfood.,P3Herearesomewordsofape(猿),orangutan猩猩gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩gibbon：长臂猿,Doyouknowotherwordsinthesenseofbeast?,animalcreaturelivingthingbeing,Learnthisword,suspicionn.suspectv.sus(sub)+spect:lookunder,Whatareotherwordsfor怀疑？,doubtdisbeliefdistrustskepticismhes
4、itationuncertainty,thenations61millionpetownersneednoconvincingatallthatpetdogsandcatscanfeelangry,needdoing=needtobedone,Theroomneedscleaning.,这台电脑得更新了。,Thecomputerneedsupdating.,Whorespectswhom?,casestudyinscientificparlancehasnowachievedsomerespectabilityamongresearchers,Researchersrespectcasestu
5、dy.Researchersaccepttheresultsofcasestudies.,Whatdoesitmean?,Thepluralofanecdoteisdata,Manyanecdotesmakeupdata,whichprovethebelief.,P4.Analyzethestructureofthesentence,theideaofanimalsfeelingemotionsremainscontroversialamongmanyscientists.,controversial,contro-(contra-)+verse(verteretoturn):turntoth
6、eopposite,acontroversialquestion引起争论的问题,controversycontrovert,Researchersskepticismisfueledinpartbytheirprofessionalaversiontoanthropomorphism,aversionab-避开+vertere转Shehasanaversiontopets.她讨厌宠物。Bigdogsareanaversionoflittlegirls.高大的狗是小女孩们讨厌的东西。,anthropomorphism:拟人说；人格化,anthro:humanmorph:变种,变体Whatcant
7、hesesoftwaresdo?,manipulate,Shemanipulatedthelightstogetjusttheeffectshewanted.她熟练地操作着灯光，以达到她想要的效果Hemanipulatedpublicopinioninhisfavor.他巧妙地使公众舆论倒向他,mani-(hand)+pulate(pulus:不定意义的)manualmanufacture,Whatdoesthesentencemean?,amidmountingevidencetothecontrary,“thetideisturningradicallyandrapidly,”saysBe
8、koff,Thoughtherearemanyevidencesthatprovetheideaiswrong,peoplechangetheiropinionsandaccepttheidearapidly.,Essentialtoescapepredatorsandotherdangers,fearanditspredictableflight,fight,orfreezeresponsesseemstobehard-wiredintomanyspecies.,predatorprey,hard-wiredinborninnate,Howdoesthewriterprovethatfear
9、ishard-wiredinanimals?,Younggeeseandshapeofapredator,P6.thosethatentailmentalprocessingisdifficulttodemonstrate.,entail:needWritingahistorybookentailsalotofwork.写一本历史书需要下很大功夫。Thejobentailsprecision.这件事需要精确性。ProducingaseriesTVplayentailsalotofwork.拍摄一部电视连续剧需要做大量的工作。,Sumuptheparagraphintoasentence:,Ot
10、heremotionsinanimalscanonlybededucedbyobservingtheirbehaviors.,P7.Withinhisfield,Pankseppisarareexception,whobelievesthatsimilaritiesbetweenthebrainsofhumansandotheranimalssuggestthatatleastsomecreatureshavetruefeelings.,Whatdoes“arareexception”imply?,Mostscientistsdonotbelievethatanimalshaveemotion
11、s.,ExplainthegroundonwhichPankseppbasedhisbelief.,P11Whenagoose,whichmatesforlife,losesitspartner,thebirdsheadandbodydroopdejectedly.,deject:使沮丧,使气馁Thenewsdejectsme.这个消息使我沮丧。,de-(down)+ject(throw)project:投射reject：拒绝,Paragraphs14to17discussthephysiologicalandneurochemicalfindingsofemotions.Sumupthisp
12、artbycompletethefollowingtable.,PhysiologicalBasesForEmotions,amygdala,whenitisdamaged,animalsseemunabletofear,dopamine,whenitisblocked,pleasureends,oxytocin,whenitisblocked,interestislost,P19butyoucantprovewhatitsfeeling,ifanything,ifanything：perhapsIfanything,yououghttoapologize你或许应该道歉。Ifanything,
13、wehavetoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.说起食品，我们吃得太多，而不是太少。What,ifanything,isacomputer?电脑究竟是什么？,thequestionoffeelingsboilsdowntowhetherornotanimalsareconscious.,boilsdownto:等于；归结为Thewholematterboilsdowntothefactthatyoutwodontlikeeachother.这件事除去枝节不管，可以归结为你们俩谁也不喜欢谁。Mostofthecrimesmayboildowntoaquestionofm
14、oney.大多数犯罪归结起来可以说都是金钱问题。Hisspeechboileddowntoapleaformoremoney.他的演说归根结底就是呼吁给更多的钱。Yourchoicesboildowntothree你的选择最终归纳成三点。,thoughanimals“mayhavesnapshotsofself-awareness,”hesays,“themoviewecallconsciousnessisnotthere.,snapshot:moviesimple:complex,ascribe,（常与to连用）归于，归因于Sheascribeddifficultiestooverspend
15、ing.她把困难归因于费用超支太大。Heascribedhisfailuretobadluck.他把失败归咎于运气不好。Nooneknowswhowrotethatplay,butitisoftenascribedtome.没人知道那个剧本是谁写的，但一般都认为是我写的。,ascribe,as-(to,towards)scribe(write)describe:de-(down)subscribe:sub-(under,nextto),anecdoteentailelicitelatedejectedwakehormonelegitimizepredatorcontroversial,1.An
16、earlymorningriseinbloodpressure,heartrate,andtheconcentrationofheartstimulating_,plusareductionofbloodflowtotheheart,mayallcontributetothehigherincidenceofheartattacksbetweenthehoursof8:00a.m.and10:00a.m.2.Theunfairreputationofsharksforbeingfierce_onlargeseaanimalsisleadingtoaworldwideslaughterandtheextinctionofmanycoastalsharkspecies.3.Mrs.Okellywas_thatshewonfirstprizeintheessaycompetition.,hormones,predators,elated,anecdoteentailelicitelatedejectedwakehormonelegitimizepr
