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1、,学术英语 理工,Academic English for Science and Engineering,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Unit Contents,1 Writing a literature review 2 Writing a self-contained literature review 3 Writing a literature review as a part of an essay 4 Citation 5 Documentation 6 Avoiding plagiarism 7 Paraphrasing 8 Enha
2、ncing your academic language,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,1 Writing a literature review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Unit 3 Listening to Lectures,1 Writing a literature Review,1 The four essays were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of pote
3、ntial risks of nuclear radiation.,2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure.,1 Writing a literature Review,3 Amber Cornel
4、io holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,1 Writing a literature Review
5、,5 It seems that the Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and the phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”. Hen
6、ce it appears less reliable and trustworthy.,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Additional questions for your understanding of Text 11,1 By how many particles of radiation from natural sources has a typical person been struck every second?,A typical person is, and
7、always has been struck by 15,000 particles of radiation every second from natural sources.,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Additional questions for your understanding of Text 11,2 How many deaths are estimated to be caused by air pollution from coal burning per year?
8、,Air pollution from coal burning is estimated to be causing 10,000 deaths per year.,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Additional questions for your understanding of Text 11,3 What problems can very high radiation doses cause?,Very high radiation doses can destroy body
9、functions and lead to death within 60 days.,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Enhancing your academic language,Match the words with their definitions.,5 h,10 j,1 i,2 f,3 g,4 c,6 a,7 b,8 e,9 d,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Enhancing yo
10、ur academic language,Complete the following expressions or sentences.,1 a small (缺口) in the dam 2 (浅的) foundation 3 (履行) a promise 4 the (幸存者) of the earthquake 5 (假设的) situation 6 (发起) a reform 7 have (潜力) as an artist 8 (不顾) their strong disagreement 9 (中和) acids 10 be in (联系) with each other 11 (
11、运输) goods by lorry 12 the (大量) of exports,breach,shallow,implement,survivor(s),hypothetical,initiate,potential,despite,neutralize,contact,transport,volume,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Enhancing your academic language,Complete the following expressions or sentences
12、.,13 (穿透) the fog 14 (证实) my suspicious 15 (战略) of sustainable development 16 a rough (估计) of your income 17 (显著的) change 18 power (产生) 19 (转移) ones glance from an ugly sight 20 (医学的) apparatus and instruments 21 (传播) knowledge 22 territorial (完整) 23 (赔偿) for the loss,penetrate,confirm,strategy,esti
13、mate,noticeable,generation,avert,medical,disperse,integrity,compensate,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Enhancing your academic language,Complete the paragraph.,Radiation (和原子能有联系). It can cause unwanted chemical reactions in the cell and proteins to fold improperly.
14、Whether it is harmful to mans health (某种程度上取决于) the degree of exposure. In small doses, the cell has enough mechanisms to (来对付) misfolded proteins and repair itself. When exposed to a large amount of radiation, the cells defenses are overwhelmed. Therefore an increase in cancer in the area where (辐射
15、泄漏发生) often (由于长时间暴露在辐射下).,is associated with nuclear energy,depends somewhat on,take care of,radiation leakage takes place,arises from,heavy exposure of radiation,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Enhancing your academic language,1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中,一般人每秒钟都遭受着来自自然资源中15，0
16、00个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗X光检查则带有1，000亿个粒子的辐射。,2 这些材料主要通过发电厂常规运行时的少量释放物，核电站事故和放射性材料运输事故、以及放射性废料从隔离系统中泄漏而与人体发生接触的。,3 在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多事可以做；如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那么每一种由核工业造成的疾病中有80例遗传疾病都将得到防止。,Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.,1 Writing a literature Review,Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review,Enhancing your academic language,Translat
