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1、专题一名词,考试要求：1区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词用法。2掌握不可数名词及其量的表达方式。3熟练运用名词复数规则、不规则变化。4熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。,专有名词(人名、地名),普通名词,个体名词pen，doctor,集体名词family、people,物质名词coal、water,抽象名词work、news,不可数名词,可数名词,名词,单复,专有名词(ProperNouns):表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称。,、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。、表示独一无二的事物。、前面一般不加冠词。、首字母要大写。,表示日子的专有名词,表示地名的专有名
2、词,December十二月SpringFestival春节TeachersDay教师节,Asia亚洲China中国Beijing北京,表示人的专有名词,表示机构的专有名词,YaoMing姚明Newton牛顿Beckham贝克汉姆,theUnitedNations联合国TsinghuaUniversity清华大学,一）可数名词单数的表达:一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*ausefulbook*anEnglishbook,名词的数,flower,flowers,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factories,lea
3、f-leaves,box,es,NOUN.,二）可数名词复数的规则变法：,1.一般情况下在词尾加s.,词尾读音shop-shops(商店)在清辅音后读sbag-bags(书包)在浊辅音后读zwindow-windows(窗户)在元音后读z,2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加esclass-classes(班级)词尾读音izbox-boxes(盒子)match-matches(比赛)brush-brushes(刷子),3.以“辅音+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.story-stories(故事)词尾读音iz,4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加s,key-keys词尾读音zmon
4、key-monkeys,5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato-tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音zpotato-potatoes(土豆)zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato),6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leaf-leaves(树叶)词尾读音vzknife-knives(小刀)*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（
5、thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（self）命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光,注：有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时后面直接加s.海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。gulf海湾roof屋顶chief首领serf农奴belief信仰proof证据handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕,7.不规则名词复数的变化,man-men(男人)woman-women(女人)tooth-teeth(牙齿)foot-feet(脚)goose-geese(鹅)child-children(儿童)mouse-mice(老鼠)louse-lic
6、e（虱子）Fishdeersheep*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙oo变ee；虱子老鼠也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。,8.单复数相同的情况：,sheep;deer;fish;works;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu,只有复数形式的情况：,trousers,glasses,shoes,glovesapairof,9.以an结尾或其他表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加s。如：Australians，Italians，Germans等。注：中（Chin
7、ese）日（Japanese）不变英（Englishman-Englishmen）法(Frenchman-Frenchmen)变，其余s加后面,10.复合名词的复数形式：,1.词末+-s:appletrees/boystudents/girlplayers2.主体名词变为复数形式：editors-in-chief3.当名词和man,woman连用时，两个部分都变，womendoctors;mencooks这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman,不可数名词的计量法,1.以“容器”计量,常用于装在容器的物质acupofcoffee一杯咖啡threebowlsofwater三碗水abottle
8、ofink一瓶墨水twobagsofrice两袋大米aboxofbiscuit一盒饼干,不可数名词的计量法,2.以“与物体形状有关的名词”计量,常用于固体物质aloaf/pieceofbread一块面包aslice/pieceofcake一块蛋糕apieceofcoal一块煤abarofchocolate一块巧克力,不可数名词的计量法,3.以“重量单位”计量atonofwater一吨水twokilosofrice两公斤大米threepoundsofmilk三磅牛奶,不可数名词的计量法,4.用“piece/item”计量,常用于与媒介物,宣传工具等有关的内容。apiece/anitemofnew
9、s一条新闻apieceofadvice一条意见apiece/anitemofinformation一份情报apieceofwork一件工作,（福州）-Imthirsty.MayIhavesomethingtodrink?-OK.Heressome_.A.riceB.breadC.water(宁波)-Excuseme,wherecanIexchange_?-Thereisabankonthesecondfloor.A.booksB.foodC.moneyD.stampsWouldyoupleasepassmesomethingtodrink?Whataboutsome_?A.beefB.fish
10、C.juiceD.bread,【2012广西玉林】36.Whatisyourfavoritefood?Ilike_best.Ihadalargebowllastnight.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodlesC.potatonoodlesD.potatoesnoodles【2012贵州贵阳】34.“Whatdoweneedforthesalad?”“Weneedtwoapplesandthree_.”orangeB.tomatoesC.broccoli17.Howmany_doweneedtomakefruitsalad?Twoshouldbeenough.A.cabba
11、geB.potatoesCbananasD.lemon,Thelittlebabyhastwo_already.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teethsThese_havesavedmanychildrenslives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。-Itsdangeroushere.Wedbettergooutquickly.-ButIthinkweshouldlet_gooutfirst.A.womanandchi
12、ldrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren,Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_?A.ChildrensDayB.ChildrenssDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDayCouldyoupleasegetmesome_?Imhungry.A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg-Youlooksohealthy.-Yeah,Ilikeeatingapples.Anappleadaykeepsthe_away.A.teacherB.workerC.farmerD.doctorT
13、he_hastwo_.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikeso
14、me?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,w
15、omen,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,Mikes_and_areonthebed（）Ashort；trouserBshort；trousersCshorts；trousers（2018新疆）Hurryup!Some_and_areonsaleinthesupermarket.（）Atomato；eggBtomatoes；eggCTomatoes；eggsDtomato；eggs（2018凉山州）Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek，includingthree_andfour_（）AGerman，AmericanBGermansAmericanCGermansAmericansDGerman，Americans（2014?黔东南州）Look!Therearesomeonthefarm（）AchickenBgooseCsheepDcow,看例题识所有格,1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.BeijingisChinascapital.,2.ThisisMaryandhersistersbedroom.BobandLucyssisterisanurse.,3.TheseareTomsandLilysbags.,4.Sh
