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1、 1 英语英语国家国家概况概况课后题课后题详解详解 化工学院 潘金禾汇编 声明：禁止任何媒体、网站或个人在未经书面授权的情况下违法转载或使用。 The U.K. Chapter 1Chapter 1 1) 1. The United Kingdom is located to the northwest of continental Europe, separated by the . 2) is the largest part of the UK and occupies most of the southern two thirds of Great Britain. 3) The ov
2、erall climate in the UK is temperate . 4) Since Britain is an island country and surrounded by the sea, the climate is considerably compared with other countries. 5) The recorded history of the UK begins with the in 55BC. 6) During the Anglo-Saxon Invasion period, Roman was introduced to Britain. 7)
3、 During the Norman Conquest, in England was completely established, which is based on the ownership of land. 8) was a series of dynastic civil wars between the two royal families, the House of York and the House of Lancaster, for the English throne. 9) The English Civil War was a series of armed con
4、flicts and political machinations between and . 10) On the Eve of World War I in 1914, Britain has developed into the largest colonial empire in the world, which occupied nearly 1/4 of the world land area, and became “”. 1) English Channel 2) England 3) maritime 4) changeable 5) Roman invasion 6) Ch
5、ristianity 7) Federal system 8) The Wars of Roses 9) Parliamentarians and Royalists 10) a country on which the sun never sets 2 2. Questions on this unit: 1) How many parts is the United Kingdom made up of? What are they? 2) What are the impacts of Roman Invasion? 3) What are the contributions of El
6、izabeth I in the Religious Reformation? 4) What are the reasons to the British Industrial Revolution? 5) What are the factors that led to the end of British Empire? 答案 1) The United Kingdom is made up of four parts. It is made up of four nations: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. 2) Th
7、e Romans have great impact on many aspects of the British culture. The Roman civilization was introduced to the Britain during this period. For example, Roman style baths and temples were built, cities like London and towns were constructed, and the system of government was also introduced. 3) After
8、 the succession of Elizabeth I, and the Church of England was independent from the Roman Pope and was in charge of the British monarch again. Although she made a compromise between the Catholics and the Protestants, she still defended the fruit of religious reformation and consolidated the Church of
9、 England. 4) There are several reasons that contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain. First, Britain had a huge market. After the Glorious Revolution, with the supporting of Parliament, the Britain formed a single largest domestic market in Europe. Meanwhile, with its expansion in the wor
10、ld, it occupied a large number of colonies in the world and became the most powerful and leading colonial country. The colonies provided it with enormous wealth, raw materials and a large market for its industrial development. Second, the enclosure movement deprived the small landowners of their pro
11、perty and forced them to move to the cities and towns to make a living. The landless laborer, therefore, became a large number of free labors in the industrial market and promoted the economic development in Britain. 5) First, the two world wars in the earlier 20th century gradually weakened Britain
12、s power. Britain lost a great number of people, the sea supremacy in the world and was into huge national debt in order to support the wars. Then, in 1921, the Republic of Ireland became independent from the United Kingdom. Furthermore, after the World War II, in the wave of national liberation and
13、a movement of national independence throughout the world, most of Britains colonies became independent. Therefore, British Empire completely fell apart in the late 1960s. 3. Terms for explanation: 1) Great Britain 2) Norman Conquest:It is considered one of the most important historical events in Bri
14、tain and marked the establishment of feudalism in England. 3) Hundred Years War 4) The English Reformation: The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th century by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Roman Pope and the Catholic Church.And it witnessed the end o
15、f feudalism and the establishment of constitutional Monarchy system. 5) Glorious Revolution 1) Great Britain: Great Britain is the largest island off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe with England, Scotland and Wales on it. It accounts for over 90% of the UKs total landmass. 3 2) Norman Conq
16、uest: In 1066, William the Conquer from Normandy crossed the English Channel with his army and defeated King Harold, the last king of the Anglo-Saxons, in the Battle of Hastings. He, thereby, conquered Britain and crowned himself the King of England. It is the beginning of Norman Conquest. It is considered one of the most important historical events in Britain and marked the establishment of feudalism in England. 3) Hundred Years War: The Hundred Years W
