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1、一、 基 础 写 作,第 一 讲 简 单 的 写 作 训 练,写法指导,针对训练,专 题 讲 座 写 作,句子最重要的部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态。简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容，因为所谓的复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合句，全部是简单句组合或相套而来。五种简单句句型如下：,1“主语 谓语(不及物动词)”的写法 此句型中的谓语动词要用不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的动词短语，后面不需要跟一个该动作的承受者。 在过去的二十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。,错误表达：Over the past twenty years,
2、China has happened dramatic changes.(happen是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语；无动作的承受者。) 正确表达：Over the past twenty years, dramatic changes have happened (taken place) in China.,2“主语 谓语(及物动词) 宾语”的写法 此句型中的谓语动词要用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，后面必须要跟一个该动作的承受者。 We all possess the same chance. 我们都拥有相同的机会。 Some of the students are always long
3、ing for holidays. 有些学生总是渴望着放假。,点津 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。 He is listening to music. 他正在听音乐。,3“主语 系动词 表语”的写法 这就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。 He became king when he was a child. 当他是个孩子的时候，他就成为了国王。,点津 系动词常分为以下
4、几类： (1)判断类：be, prove (2)持续类：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand (3)表像类：seem, appear, look (4)感官类：feel, look, smell, sound, taste (5)变化类：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,4“主语 谓语(及物动词) 间接宾语 直接宾语”的写法 这一句型中的动词比较特殊，可以跟两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。 He gave me some beautiful photos. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,点津 双宾语结构只能跟在某些及物动词后面，主要有
5、三类动词： (1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow，return等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词to引导的短语来表示。 Please hand him a book! Please hand a book to him! 请递给他一本书。,(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词for引导的短语来表示。 Her father bought her a bike. Her f
6、ather bought a bike for her. 她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。,(3)ask, answer, take, cost等。这一类动词无法改变结构形式。 May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗？,5. “主语 谓语(及物动词) 宾语 宾语补足语”的写法 该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的。,We elected him monitor of our class. 我们选他当我们的班长。 Finally, I wish thi
7、s years English speech competition a great success. 最后，我祝愿今年的英语演讲比赛取得圆满成功。 点津 可以作宾语补足语成分的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。,.单句改错 1I afraid he wont come tomorrow. _,答案：I后加am,2The apple is tasted good. _,答案：去掉is,3The global financial crisis was broken out in 2008. _,答案：was broken改为broke,4His hair chang
8、ed grey. _,答案：changed改为turned,5His dream of going to college is come true. _,答案：is come true改为came true,6He always kept silently at the meeting. _,答案：silently改为silent,7Dont make your mother be worried. _,答案：去掉be,8Mother bought a new cell phone him. _,答案：在him前加上for或把a new cell phone him改为him a new ce
9、ll phone,.连词成句 1stronger, smell, became, the, and, stronger _,答案：The smell became stronger and stronger.,2Internet, both, the, advantages, disadvantages, and, has _,答案：The Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.,3book, found, the, interesting, very, I _,答案：I found the book very interesting.,
10、4the, gate, our, will, school, at, friends, meet _,答案：Our friends will meet at the school gate.,5he, the, needed, skill, the, machine, to, control _,答案：He needed the skill to control the machine.,6we, return, the, will, library, those, books _,答案：We will return the library those books.,.翻译句子 1事实证明他的
11、话是正确的。(prove) _,答案：What he said proved true.,2今天我演讲的题目是“对成为一个成人的感想”。(be) _,答案：The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grownup”,3时光飞逝如箭。(fly) _,答案：Time flies like an arrow.,4我们必须通过法律来阻止水污染。(stop) _,答案：We must stop water pollution by law.,5我想知道你能不能告诉我怎样与他取得联系。(wonder) _,答案：I wonder if you can tell me how to contact him.,6我觉得独立学习更富挑战性、更使人兴奋。(find) _,答案：I find studying alone more challenging and exciting.,
