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1、学 海 无 涯 英语国家概况（1） （2）问题库答案 63. What was the unique American phenomenon? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in todays American society? 63. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embrac
2、ed, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. The American is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and
3、 form new opinions. 64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture? 64. New England also established another American traditiona strain of often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believed that governments should enforce Gods morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators o
4、f the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation o
5、f church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs. 65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentall
6、y different? 65. the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, which evolved out of Thomas Jeffersons party, formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is the donkey. The other is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the N
7、orth and West, such as Abraham Lincoln, who wanted the government to prevent the expansion of slavery into new states then being admitted to the union. The symbol of the Republican Party is the elephant. 66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights e
8、xplicitly into the U.S. Constitution? 66. The Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two years of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. These amendments remain intact today, as they were written two centuries ago. The first guarantees fr
9、eedom of worship, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government to correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights. 67. Why did th
10、e Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time? 67. The Articles of Confederation failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Co
11、ngress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute. The Congress had been given no authority to force any state to do 学 海 无 涯 anything. It could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that. 6
12、8. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation? 68. The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, wit
13、h some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. 6
14、9. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? 69. If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. That means the proposal does not become law.
15、Congress can enact the law despite the presidents views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it. If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no long
16、er in effect. The president has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments 70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many peop
