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1、Travel journal同步素材（人教新课标高中英语必修1Unit 3）Attributive clause(定语从句)一.定义及其作用：定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目，它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或 代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：引导定语从句代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。 理
2、解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。I修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分1.使用that的情况：当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 Eg. I have some books that are very good.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg. This is
3、 the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。 eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.当先行词又有人又有物时。eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.2.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg. Mary has a book, wh
4、ich is very precious.2、在介词之后。eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.II修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。1. 当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?2. 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。eg. I have a so
5、n, who is really lovely and interesting.4. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.3.关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. Correct mistakes for the following sent
6、ences.1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.5. Tom is the only one of the boys who
7、like playing football.6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. III关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。1.关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。eg. As we all know, he is
8、a famous scientist.He is a diligent boy, as is expected.She has the same book as you have.2.关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：As everyone knows, it is necessary to build a hospital in this small town.It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, which is clear to us.Our departmen
9、t will hold the meeting,as is known by us.IV关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。1.关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。eg. I wont forget the time when I got married.Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house
10、where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?2.关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：This is the park
11、that we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.She wont forget the days that she spent on the island.She wont forget the days when they stayed together.Thats the date when we went to the college.Thats the date that she wont forget for ever.I like the time when we lived tog
12、ether.I like the time that we had together.Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last tim
13、e. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining3.关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=i
14、n/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today.4. Tom still remem
15、bers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. Comprehensive exercises.Fill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronouns or the relative adverbs.1. Is this the room _ we spent our childhood?2. This dictionary is the second one _ I bought in the shop.3. I still remember the date _ I went to Nanjing for the first time.4.Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ he saw in the yard.5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of _ are drinking tea.6. Do you know the days _ you spent on English?7.
