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1、透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点【语法概说】【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1、 主谓一致的语法一致原则2、 主谓一致的整体一致原则3、 主谓一致的就近一致原则4、 主谓一致的意义一致原则5、 主谓一致的附加原则【考点诠释】 一、由or, either. or. , neither. nor. , not only.but also. , whether.or.等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister _a few citi
2、es in the south since they came to China临沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visited答案B 解析本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not onlybut also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not onlybut also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very wel
3、l. 07年潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both答案B解析考查neithernor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。【考例】Look! There
4、 _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）The number of _ in our class _ fifty. (2004山东烟台) A. student, isB. the studen
5、ts, areC. the students, isD. students, are答案: C命题立意：本题考查主谓一致的用法。试题解析：the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。【考例】As the saying _,Where there is a will; there is a way. 昆明市A. go B. goes C. going D. went答案B解析 the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复
6、数。 What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。 四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。【考例】 Trees and flowers _every year to make our country more beautiful. 陕西省A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted答案C解析 every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。五、表示时间、距离、
7、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 年青岛市Ais；is B are；is Care；are Dis；are答案B 解析 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。 How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津) A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。六、就近原
8、则 -There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? -All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. were答案A解析本题考查there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。 Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China07临沂市Awill visit B. ha
9、s visited Chave visited D visited答案B 解析本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not onlybut also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not onlybut also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D
10、has been; both答案B解析考查neithernor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。【语法回顾】主谓一致1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）
11、一致的原则。一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如： Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。Reading
12、English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：What I bought were three English book
13、s.我买的是三本英语书。What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。2、由and 或both.and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like spor
14、ts.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。注意1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。Many a student is having practi
