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1、 2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behin
2、d the explosion of cybercrime that has1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyberczar, offered the Obama government a4to make the Web a safer place a “voluntary identify” syste
3、m that would be the high-tech5of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled6one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential7to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to8a federation of private online ident
4、ify systems. Users could9which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license10by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have
5、 sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to11just once but use many different services.12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of13community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individual
6、s and organizations can complete online transactions with14,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs15.Still, the administrations plan has16privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward wha
7、t would17be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with18by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet19.They argue that should be20to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1A.sweptB.skip
8、pedC.walkedD.ridden2A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9A.recallB.sugges
9、tC.selectD.realize10A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11A.carry on B.linger onC.set in D.log in12A.In vainB.In effectC.In return D.In contrast13A.trustedB.modernizedC.thrivingD.competing14A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16A.dividedB.disappointedC.protecte
10、dD.united17A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questi
11、ons after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles with
12、out attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much
13、time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is fallin
14、g, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from
15、one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,
