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1、状语从句种 类从属连词例 句说 明时间状从whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.We shall go there whenever we are free.when指的是“某一具体的时间”whenever指的是“在任何时间”I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. when意为
2、“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do when, be doing when, had done when, be on ones way when, be on the point of doing whenHe usually walks when he might ride.They had only three tables when they needed five.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show non
3、e? 尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的I like watching TV while he likes reading. while 做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”While I understand your point of view, I dont share it.While 引导让步状语从句，相当于although，但一般位于主句之前。While there is life
4、, there is hope.While引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as,翻译成“只要”asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生As I get older, I get more optimistic.两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.一边一边As he was going out, it began to rain.强调两个动作紧接着发生。As a boy(When
5、 he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.as+名词，相当于时间状语从句beforeA.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.BWe waited a long time before he came out.We hadnt waited long before he came out.C He died before he wrote a will.D he sun had set before we knew it. Leave me before I changed my mind. Id die befo
6、re I apologized to them. Get out before I call the police.往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在之前”，A.“ 才”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费的力气很大。）B.“就”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力气很大。）C“还没有”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否则，要不然”It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. It wont be long before we meet again.It+（not）be+some time+before从句。
7、肯定句中，“多长时间之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多长时间就”afterHe arrived after the game started.until/till We waited till (until)he came back .如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilsinceGreat chan
8、ges have taken place in China since 1978.As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.I have written home but once since I came here.since后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.
9、since后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。It is (has been) a long time since I smoked.It has been two years since I began to smoke. It + be+ some time+since 短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一就Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.I had hardly got home when
10、 it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。一就Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.The moment I heard the s
11、ong, I felt cheerful.Next time you come ,youll see him.有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly, as soon as, once等。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来
12、时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一On his arrival in Paris, he was recognised as a oble and thrown into prison.on doing sth.或on ones +名词地点状从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water there is life.You are free to go wherever you like.Wh
13、erever you go, you must obey the law.where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。where表示特定的地点，wherever表示非特定的地点。原因状从becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on dutybecause用来回答why 的问题，语气最强not becausebut because 不是因为而是因为partly because 部分是因为because because of sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our m
14、eetingsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首forHe must be ill, for he is absent today.不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。now that, seeing that, considering that，in thatNow (that) the wea
15、ther has cleared up, we can start our journey.Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.Now(that) everybody is here, lets begin.seeing (that), now that, considering that和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去in that中that不能省略。now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that 可以省略。目的状从thatso thatin order that=to the end that lest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.Well te
