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1、 7 typesofenvironmentalpollutions NuclearPollutionDesertificationGreenhouseEffectlightpollutionwaterpollutionpm2 5whitepollution nuclearpollution Contents1 Sourceofways2 Definition3 Dangersofnuclearpollution4 relatedaccidents5 individualsteps 1 Sourceofways cause Nuclearweaponstest use theleakingfro
2、mnuclearpowerplant industrialormedicaluseofnuclearmateriallossandsoon Nuclearexplosion thermalradiationdamage 热辐射伤害 nuclearradiationdamage 核辐射伤害 radioactivelifetime 放射性存留 2 Definition Nuclearpollutionmainlyreferstotheenvironmentaldamageiscausedbythereleaseofradioactivematerial 核辐射 includingnuclearra
3、diation 核辐射 atomicdust 原子尘埃 andotherpollutioncausedbyitself aswellasthesecondarypollutant 次生污染 isbroughtbythosematerials suchasthehurtstohumanandanimalbythewaterwhichwaspollutedbyneclearmaterials 3 Dangersofnuclearpollution Peoplewillappearthosesymptoms dizziness headache lossofappetite ifcountinue
4、theywillappearthesymptomofleukopenia 白细胞 andthrombocytopenia 血小板减少 Iftheultradoseofradiationpersistinpeople sbodyforalongtime itcancausetumorh 肿瘤 leukemia 白血病 andgeneticdisorder 4 relatedaccidents TheformerSovietUnionChernobylaccident 苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故 TheChernobylaccidentinUkrainein1986wastheworstinthei
5、ndustry shistory asanexplosionledtoacloudofradioactivematerialbeingspewedoverbigpartsofEurope TheU S ThreeMileIslandnuclearaccident 美国三里岛核电站事故 TheaccidentattheThreeMileIslandnuclearplantinPennsylvaniain1979wasthebiggestinU S history ThenuclearaccidentinFukushimaNuclearPlantinJapan 日本福岛核电站事故 Thecrisi
6、sattheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantistheworstnuclearaccidentsinceChernobylinUkrainein1986 5 individualsteps PleaseusefabricbagsTakebusesUsedouble sidedpaperDonotsomkeUnderstandthesymbolandmeaningofthegreenfoodKnowsomeeco marks thecanceroftheearth Desertification Definition Desertificationisatype
7、oflanddegradationinwhicharelativelydrylandregionbecomesincreasinglyarid typicallylosingitsbodiesofwateraswellasvegetationandwildlife Manifestation 表现 rockydesertification 石质荒漠化 secondarysalinization 次生盐渍化 Causedby cultivatedlanddegradation 耕地退化 grasslanddegradation 草地退化 forestlanddegradation 林地退化 Fa
8、ctorscauseddesertification Naturalreasons Man madereasons Theharmofdesertification Firstly worsentheecologicalenvironment andthreateninfrastructure suchasrailway villages andreservoirsandsoon Secondly provideplentyofsandforsandstorm Thirdly destroythevegetationandsurfaceconfiguration andreduceagricu
9、ltureproductivitylevelandresultinreductionoffood soutputandleadtofamine Furthermore affectthesurroundingcountriesandregions eventhewholeworld Droughtisthemaincausesofdesertification Firstly affectedbyglobalwarming itincreasesdroughtdegreeofaridandsemi aridregions andobjectivelyacceleratesthedesertif
10、icationdevelopment Secondly moreunbalanceddistributionofannualrainfall Itmakesdroughttimelengthen andthephenomenonofspringdroughtconnectedwithsummerdroughtmorecommon andaffectsthevegetationrestorationofaridandsemi aridregions Thirdly rainfallgenerallydecreases whichaggravatesthedesertification Becau
11、seoftheexcessivegrowthofpopulationandbackwardmodeofproduction andforlackofprotectionconsciousnessaboutlandresourceandecologicalenvironment ithascausedthepredatorydevelopmentofresourcesandintensifiestheprocessofdesertification Huangjiali Lightpollution canyouseethesestarsinnightsky Lightpollutiondram
12、aticallyreducesthevisibilityofstars Sources Maps NorthAmerica MiddleEast Europe Japan NorthAfrica 航拍京津 不夜城 2010年12月 美国国家航空航天局官方发布了一幅令人吃惊的太空照片 国际空间站的航天员将镜头对准了中国华北地区 照片中 北京和天津的城市夜景一览无余 道路照明轮廓十分清晰 夹在两城之间的廊坊以及东北部几个开发区也有明亮的灯光 图中黑色区域主要是农田 Fourtypes LighttrespassOver illuminationGlareLightclutterSkyglow Li
13、ghttrespass How astronglightentersthewindowofone shomefromtheoutsideProblems sleepdeprivationortheblockingofaneveningview Over illumination Glare TYPES Blindingglare Disabilityglare DiscomfortglareGlarelightscatteringintheeyecauseslossofcontrastandleadstounsafedrivingconditions muchliketheglareonadi
14、rtywindshieldfromlow anglesunlightorthehighbeamsfromanoncomingcar Inessencebrightand orbadlyshieldedlightsaroundroadscanpartiallyblinddriversorpedestriansandcontributetoaccidents Lightclutter HOW Groupingsoflightsmaygenerateconfusion distractfromobstacles includingthosethattheymaybeintendedtoillumin
15、ate andpotentiallycauseaccidentsPLACE onroadswherethestreetlightsarebadlydesigned orwherebrightlylitadvertisingsurroundstheroadwaysahazardintheaviationenvironmen Skyglow How Itisthecombinationofalllightreflectedfromwhatithasilluminatedescapingupintotheskyandfromallofthebadlydirectedlightinthatareath
16、atalsoescapesintothesky beingscattered redirected bytheatmospherebacktowardtheground Measure Directskyglowisreducedbyselectinglightingfixtureswhichlimittheamountoflightemittedmorethan90 abovethenadir Indirectskyglowproducedbyreflectionsfromverticalandhorizontalsurfacesishardertomanage theonlyeffectivemethodforpreventingitisbyminimizingover illumination Consequences EnergywasteEffectsonanimalandhumanhealthandpsychologyDisruptionofecosystemsEffectonastronomyIncreaseinatmosphericpollution Energywas