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1、简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫做简单句。The old man lives in this village .(一个主语+一个谓语)Li Qing and Li Hui went there together.( 并列主语+一个谓语)She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.(一个主语+三个并列谓语)They are twins.(一个主语+连系动词+表语)She always keeps the room clean and tidy.(一个主语+一个谓语)英语简单句五种基本句型
2、(一):基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound,hold, stay, stand(保持)等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go ,等属另一类,表示变化.其中be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-C
3、hinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. His face turned red.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.连系动词不用于被动语态(若用作行为动词除外)。【正】The apple tastes sweet .这苹果尝起来很甜。【误】The apple is tasted sweet.l 作表语的一般不能是-ly结尾的副词,否则句子不能成立。l 下面句子中常采用形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 例如:Im happy to mee
4、t you. They are willing to help you. We are determined to follow his example.常见系动词采用it作形式主语的有如下:It seems that-(看来-)It appears that-(看来-)It appears/seems as if-(看起来好像-)It turned out that-(原来-)(二):基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The sun was shining. 2
5、. The moon rose. 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly. 注意事项:l 不接宾语,因此没有被动语态。【正】 The music sounds sweet. 【误】The music is sounded sweet.【正】 The pen belongs to you. 【误】The pen is belonged to you.常见使用主动语态的动词有:blame, happen, take place, break out ,o
6、ccur ,come about, belong to, keep long, lose heart等。l 有一类词与easily ,well. smoothly连用来说明主语的性质,特点的词也常常看作是不及物动词。常见的有:sell, wash, write, clean, cook等词。例如:The cloth washes easily/well. 这衣服很好洗。The books sell well. The pen writes well.l 常见瞬间性动词采用it当形式主语的有如下:It so happened that-碰巧-,说来也巧-It occurred to me tha
7、t-我突然想到-It follows that-从而-,于是乎-,这样一来-【正】It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.【误】That the keys might be left in the car suddenly occurred to him.(三):基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Who knows the answer?2
8、. He enjoys reading.3. He admits that he was mistaken.(四):基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾(间宾+直宾) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. I showed him my pictures.3. He bought you a dictionary.4. I tol
9、d him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 注意事项:(1).常见使用双宾语的动词有:give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take ,show ,teach, get等以外,还有award,lend,rent,buy ,pay, hand, recommend等She gives me a book.(2).同时要注意介词的使用,如果是要使用介词to时,多数时候是表示动作的方向。如give,tell,send,write,show,pa
10、y,hand,recommend等等。1.The schoolmaster awarded the prize to me.2.She gave her telephone number to me。3.He handed a letter to me。(3).如果使用for时,多数时候是表示动作的目的。如buy,make,sing,cook等等。1.They left Beijing for shanghai .2.My parents buy a computer for me.3.She sang a folk for us。4.She cooked a delicious meal f
11、or us。(五).基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语(宾+宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They painted the door green.2.They found the house deserted. 3. What makes him think so? 4. We saw him out. 5. He asked me to come back soon.6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. l 常见的接双
12、宾语的动词有:appoint(任命),believe(相信),call(称) catch( 发现 )elect( 选举),feel(感到),find(发现),like(希望),hear(听到),keep(保持),leave(听任),discover(发现),make(使),need(需要),prefer(宁愿),prove(证明),see(看见),warn(警告)等等。 注意事项:l keep, get, find, set, push, turn, wish等常接形容词作宾补.例如:lThe sun keeps us warm. l choose, elect,call, name,make
13、等常接名词短语作宾补。例如:They choose Mr. Smith chairman。l Keep, find,leave,watch,feel, smell,see等常接现在分词作宾补.例如:He kept me waiting。l Watch, have,let,make,see,notice,observe,feel等常接动词不定式作宾补。例如:I watched him enter the shop。l Have, get,hear,make,want等常接过去分词作宾补。例如:Where did you have them printed? ll 介词短语也可以作宾补.例如:Yo
14、u may leave the child in my care。【真题演练】1.A quarrel _last Sunday, and he _ his family. A. was broken out; broke away B. broke out ;broke away C. was broke out; broke away from D. broke out; broke away from【解析】:选D break out 不及物动词短语,A、C 形式错误,根据语境可选出D。2.We _communism and firmly _ that communist will sur
15、ely be realized throughout the world.A. believe; believe B. believe in; believe in C .believe ;believe in D. believe in;believe【解析】:选D 前一空为“信仰,信奉”,后一空为“相信”。第一空必须又介词in,否侧意义错误。3. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A. well, well B. badly, badly C. well, bad D. badly, bad 【解析】:选D 前半句smells是不及物动词,badly修饰smells,而后半句smell与bad是系表结构。4. These oranges taste _.A. good B.