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1、UnitOneTEXTIHittheNailontheHead 恰到好处 一语中的 I Pre readingQuestions1 SuggestedAnswer SA Itmeansexactlyrightinwordsoraction 2 SA TheauthoradvisesthattheEnglishstudentsshouldtrytogetthewords phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesintheirwriting III LibraryWork1 1 GustaveFlaubert 1821 1880 Fren
2、chnovelist wasassociatedwith thoughnotrepresentativeof themovementofnaturalismandknownasoneofthegreatestrealistsof19th centuryFrance Hedevotedhislifetolonghoursspentinheavytoiloverhiswork Hiswritingismarkedbyexactnessandaccuracyofobservation extremeimpersonalityandobjectivityoftreatment andprecision
3、andexpressivenessinstyle ortheprincipleofthemotjuste 1 2 Mrs MalapropisafamouscharacterinSheridan scomedyTheRivals 1775 Sheisnotedforherblundersintheuseofwords Asheadstrong 不受管束的 asanallegory 比方 寓言 alligator onthebanksoftheNile isoneofhergrotesque 荒唐的 misapplications Shealsorequeststhatnodelusions 欺
4、骗 迷惑 allusions tothepastbemade Shehasgivenusthewordmalapropism 用词错误 尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词 asanameforsuchmistakes 2 Hindi 印地语 isaliteraryandofficiallanguageofnorthernIndia Swahili 斯瓦希里语 isaBantu 班图 languagethatisatradeandgovernmentallanguageovermuchofEastAfricaandintheCongoregion Bantusarepeoplebelongingto
5、agroupoftribesfoundinequatorialandsouthernAfrica IV OrganizationoftheText1 Ananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords Paragraph1 2 Thesignificanceoffindingtherightwords Paragraphs2 3 3 Semanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesameroot Paragraphs4 7 1 Example1 humanvs humane
6、 Paragraph4 2 Example2 anxietyvs eagerness Paragraph5 3 Example3 singularityvs singleness Paragraphs6 7 4 Wrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheirconnotations Paragraph8 Examples imprison contain sumup epitomizeanddistill5 Stylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms Paragraph9 Examples inmychildhoo
7、dvs whenIwasachild lovetowatchvs lovewatching dievs expire poorvs inindigentcircum stances 6 TheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneralnotions Paragraph10 7 Conclusion Paragraph11 theimportanceofagoodcontrolandcommandoverknownwords Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary butbyhisskill
8、infindingthewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead V KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1knockover hit tofall捶翻drivesomethinghome force thenail intotherightplace makesomethingunmistakablyclear把 钉子等 打入 使明确无误E g 1 Heslammedthedooranddrovethebolthome 他砰地关上门 把门闩插好 2 driveone spointhome讲清楚自己的观点 3 avoicethatdrive
9、shomeeachword字字清晰的说话声 4 Todrivehomehispolicy thepresidentwrotehissecondletter 为了阐明他的政策 总统又写了第二封信 5 YoumustdriveithometoJohnthatwedon thaveenoughmoney 你必须使约翰明白我们钱确实不够 deft effortlesslyskillful熟练的hititsquarelyonthehead hittingitdirectlyonthehead Alsohitthe right nailonthehead informal beexactlyrightin
10、wordsoraction正中要害 猜中 说得好 做得好 E g 1 Yourcriticismreallyhitthenailonthehead 你的批评确是一针见血 2 Insosaying youhittherightnailonthehead 你这样说确是击中要害 squarely meaning directly maybeusedbothliterallyandfiguratively E g 1 Theboxerhithisopponentsquarelyonthejaw 2 Wemustfacethedifficultysquarely Paragraph1 cleanEngl
11、ish Englishthatisexact precise andclearawordthatismoreorlessright awordthatisalmostright butnotcompletelyright差不多恰当的词语Question1 Whichphraseinthisparagraphmarksacontrastbetweenaclumsymanandaskillfulcarpenter SA Ontheotherhand Paragraph1 Question2 WhichsentenceinParagraph1establishesthelinkbetweenthed
12、rivingofanailandthechoiceofaword SA Sowithlanguage thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly Paragraph2Question1 Whatdoestheword this inSentence1referto SA Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriter spurpose scrupulouswriters writerswhoarethorough exact andwhopaycaref
13、ulattentiontodetails一丝不苟的作家 scrupulous correcteveninthesmallestdetail exact painstaking meticulous严格认真的 审慎的unscrupulous 不择手段的 肆无忌惮的 theoppositeofscrupulous seemstobemoreoftenusedtodescribepeoplewhodonotcareabouthonestyandfairnessingettingwhattheywant orwhoarecompletelywithoutprinciples Alsobyhookor
14、by crook towinbyhookorcrook Paragraph2 Question2 Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay Whyorwhynot Paragraph2 SA Yes Ido Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays but asamatteroffa
15、ct itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare withoutwords ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner Paragraph3thatconstituteshislimitation thatmakesorformshisshortcomingorinabilityincertainrespectsconceptvs conce
16、ption Aconceptisanideaofacategoryorkindthathasbeengeneralizedfromparticularinstances Thus theconceptof cat arisesformthemanycatswesee Conceptalsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbe Theconceptof governmentofmanysmallnationshasbeeninfluencedbythelegislativeandjudicialinstitutionsofBritain Themeaningofconceptionismuchlikethissecondsenseofconcept butdiffersinthattheideaofwhatathingisorshouldbeishereheldbyanindividualorsmallgroupandisoftencoloredbyimaginationandfeeling Achild sconcepti
