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1、 Generalterms highcontext and lowcontext popularizedbyEdwardHall areusedtodescribebroad brushculturaldifferencesbetweensocieties Highcontextreferstosocietiesorgroupswherepeoplehavecloseconnectionsoveralongperiodoftime Manyaspectsofculturalbehaviorarenotmadeexplicitbecausemostmembersknowwhattodoandwh
2、attothinkfromyearsofinteractionwitheachother Yourfamilyisprobablyanexampleofahighcontextenvironment Lowcontextreferstosocietieswherepeopletendtohavemanyconnectionsbutofshorterdurationorforsomespecificreason Inthesesocieties culturalbehaviorandbeliefsmayneedtobespelledoutexplicitlysothatthosecomingin
3、totheculturalenvironmentknowhowtobehave HighandLowContext HighContext Lessverballyexplicitcommunication lesswritten formalinformation Moreinternalizedunderstandingsofwhatiscommunicated Multiplecross cuttingtiesandintersectionswithothers Longtermrelationships Strongboundaries whoisacceptedasbelonging
4、vswhoisconsideredan outsider Knowledgeissituational relational Decisionsandactivitiesfocusaroundpersonalface to facerelationships oftenaroundacentralpersonwhohasauthority Examples Smallreligiouscongregations apartywithfriends familygatherings expensivegourmetrestaurantsandneighborhoodrestaurantswith
5、aregularclientele undergraduateon campusfriendships regularpick upgames hostingafriendinyourhomeovernight LowContext Ruleoriented peopleplaybyexternalrules Moreknowledgeiscodified public external andaccessible Sequencing separation oftime ofspace ofactivities ofrelationships Moreinterpersonalconnect
6、ionsofshorterduration Knowledgeismoreoftentransferable Task centered Decisionsandactivitiesfocusaroundwhatneedstobedone divisionofresponsibilities Examples largeUSairports achainsupermarket acafeteria aconveniencestore sportswhererulesareclearlylaidout amotel Whilethesetermsaresometimesusefulindescr
7、ibingsomeaspectsofaculture onecanneversayacultureis high or low becausesocietiesallcontainbothmodes High and low arethereforelessrelevantasadescriptionofawholepeople andmoreusefultodescribeandunderstandparticularsituationsandenvironments WaysthatHighandLowContextDiffer1 TheStructureofRelationshipsHi
8、gh Dense intersectingnetworksandlongtermrelationships strongboundaries relationshipmoreimportantthantaskLow Loose widenetworks shorterterm compartmentalizedrelationships taskmoreimportantthanrelationship2 MainTypeofCulturalKnowledgeHigh Moreknowledgeisbelowthewaterline implicit patternsthatarenotful
9、lyconscious hardtoexplainevenifyouareamemberofthatcultureLow Moreknowledgeisabovethewaterline explicit consciouslyorganized EnteringHighandLowContextSituationsHighcontextscanbedifficulttoenterifyouareanoutsider becauseyoudon tcarrythecontextinformationinternally andbecauseyoucan tinstantlycreateclos
10、erelationships Lowcontextsarerelativelyeasytoenterifyouareanoutsider becausetheenvironmentcontainsmuchoftheinformationyouneedtoparticipate andbecausecanyouformrelationshipsfairlysoon andbecausetheimportantthingisaccomplishingataskratherthanfeelingyourwayintoarelationship Rememberthateverycultureande
11、verysituationhasitshighandlowaspects Oftenonesituationwillcontainaninnerhighcontextcoreandanouterlowcontextringforthosewhoarelessinvolved Forinstance aPTAisusuallyalowcontextsituation anyparentcanjoin thedatesofthemeetings whoispresident whatwillbediscussed etc areallexplicitlyavailableinformation a
12、nditisusuallyfairlyclearhowtoparticipateinthemeetings However ifthisisasmalltown perhapsthepeoplewhorunthePTAallknoweachotherverywellandhavemanyoverlappinginterests Theymay agree onwhatshouldbediscussedorwhatshouldhappenwithouteverreallytalkingaboutit theyhaveunconscious unexpressedvaluesthatinfluen
13、cetheirdecisions Otherparentsfromoutsidemaynotunderstandhowdecisionsareactuallybeingmade SothePTAisstilllowcontext butithasahighcontextsubgroupthatisinturnpartofahighcontextsmalltownsociety NOTE Whenyouenterahighcontextsituation itdoesn timmediatelybecomealowcontextculturejustbecauseyoucameinthedoor
14、 Itisstillahighcontextcultureandyouarejust alas ignorant Also evenlowcontextculturescanbedifficulttolearn religiousdietarylaws medicaltraining writtenlanguagealltakeyearstounderstand Thepointisthatthatinformationhasbeenmadeconscious systematic andavailabletothosewhohavetheresourcestolearnit NowletustolistenamusicaboutvariedforeignlanguagesToenjoythecharismaticofforeignlanguages
