《2012届高考英语二轮 语法复习(冠词)学案.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2012届高考英语二轮 语法复习(冠词)学案.doc(7页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2012届高考英语二轮语法复习学案(冠词)(一)考纲要求考纲规定,冠词考查基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词,不定冠词a与an的区别;不用冠词的情况;习语中的冠词;特指与泛指等。(二)命题导向冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。(三)基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定词,放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面,说明其所指的人或物。1、定冠词的基本用法: 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如
2、:I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window, please. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east, the right. 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest. 用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick, the wounded. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the Unite
3、 d States, the United Nation. 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake. 用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano; play the violin.发明物。如:The compass was invented in China. 年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon, ev
4、ening), on the other hand , at the same time2 、不定冠词的基本用法: 泛指一个。如:There is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一种类。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。) 表示同
5、样的。如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。) 表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk. 使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译帮手) 固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 3、不用冠词的情况: 表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。) 不含普通名词的专有名词 前。如:We are studying
6、 English. 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most. 呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall I do next, Mother? 三餐饭前不用冠词。如:What did you have for lunch? 节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to e
7、ach other on Christmas Day. 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond of playing basketball. 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩对肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早到晚)等。练习(一)、冠 词1. In Americ
8、a, _ car is _ popular means of transportation(交通设施).A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a2. - What happened?- They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smalle r of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, theB. the
9、, aC. the, theD. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a6. Lesson 10 is _ most difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, aB. a, theC
10、. the, theD. t he, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once _ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every8. He was absent because he had caught _.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold9. _ water is _ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a10. In winter _ people often hang up wet
11、clothes near _ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other12. He was a top student in the class, he often got _ in English.A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second13. _ horse is _ useful animal.A. The, theB. The
12、, aC. The, anD. /, a14. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199515. _ children here live _ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the16. The soldier died during _ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a17. In _ Marx began to learn Rus
13、sian.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s18. Alice is _ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller19. - Can your sister play _?- No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in _
14、of a book.A. frontB. the frontC. a front D. instead21. She touched her daughter gently _ shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the22. Both _ wounded and _ sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /23. _ doctors and _ nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the24. Tell us the story as _ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /25. Do you know how long _ has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. men26. The man was once thrown into _ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the