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1、1 TranslationofWords 第二讲汉译英的词语处理By张林 遵义医学院外语系 2 friedbreadsticksoybeanmilkeight treasurericepuddingriceporridgeslicednoodlesglassnoodlesspringrolls100 yeareggstinkytofu smellytofu jelliedbeancurdhotpotboxlunchastickofsugar coatedhaws 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 词义的完全对应 蛋糕合同绿茶写信 cakecont
2、ractgreenteatowritealetter 19 词义的不完全对应 国税关税税率保税仓库区税 statetaxescustomsdutiestariffratesbondedwarehouseareataxdutytariffbond 20 有特定文化内涵的词 阴阳斗争会吃醋心较比干多一窍 yin thefeminineornegativeprincipleinnatureyang themasculineorpositiveprincipleinnaturestrugglemeeting 21 2 目的语中没有对应的上义词 winewhitewineredwineliquor sp
3、iritsbeerGuinness 22 3 目的语中没有对应的下义词 堂兄堂弟堂姐堂妹表哥表弟表姐表妹 cousin 23 凤姐想了一想 笑道 祖婆婆 太婆婆 婆婆 媳妇 孙子媳妇 重孙子媳妇 亲孙子 侄孙子 重孙子 灰孙子 滴滴答搭的孙子 孙女儿 外孙女儿 姨表孙女儿 姑表孙女儿 嗳呦呦 真好热闹 Yang Therewerethegreat grand mother grandmother mothers in0law daughters in law grand daughters in law great grand daughters in law grandsons grand
4、nephewsandapackofgreat greatgrandsons aswellasgranddaughtersandgrand niecesonthepaternalandmaternalsides andgrand niecesonthebrothers andsisters sides Aiya itwasreallylively Hawkes Xi fengthoughtforafewmomentsandthenstarted Itwasaverylivelypartyandeveryoneinthefamilywasthere thegrandmother thegreat
5、grandmother thedaughters in law thegranddaughters in law thegreat granddaughters in law thegrandsons thegreat nephews thegreat grandsons thegreat great grandsons thegreat little medium grandsons thegranddaughters thegreat nieces thefirstcousinsonceremoved thefirstcousinstwiceremoved thesecondcousins
6、two and a halftimesremoved oh goodnessgraciousme itwasareallylivelyparty 24 4 语义差异 籍贯知识分子宣传改善生活 placeofbirthintellectualpropagandaimproveone sstandardofliving 25 falsefriendorfalsecognate 爱人休息室爱好红眼街道妇女 loverrestroomhobbyredeyestreetwomen husband wifelounge lobbyinteresttobegreen eyedhousewivesofthec
7、ommunity 26 翻译原则 再现语义 译 意 非译 字 指称意义言内意义语用意义 27 指称意义 指称意义 词语 句子和篇章反映的客观世界她躺在沙滩上 Sheislyingonthebeach 禁止吸烟 Nosmoking 28 言内意义 言内意义 词语成分之间 句子成分之间和篇章之间的关系所反映的意义 他的节目不理想 Hisperformanceisnotsatisfactory 千山鸟飞绝 万径人踪灭 FromhilltohillnobirdinflightFrompathtopathnomaninsight 29 语用意义 语用意义 语言符号与使用者的关系 包括联想意义 蕴含意义和
8、象征意义 年饭themealontheeveoftheSpringFestivalfamilyreunionmealontheeveoftheSpringFestival 30 翻译方法 直译法意译法音译法音译意译结合法 文化色彩的再现语体色彩的复制感情色彩的叠合 31 直译法 完全保留汉语的指称意义大连森林动物园是东北地区最大的动物园 DalianForestZooisthelargestofitskindinnortheastChina 32 直译加注解 梅雨季节plumrainseason about1 monthrainyseasonusu beginninginearlysummer
9、whenplumfruitbecomesripeinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver ormoldyseason arainyseasonwheneverythinggoesmoldyeasilyinthesaidarea 33 牛郎织女theCowherdandtheGirlWeaver twofiguresinancientChinesefairytale Lateritalsoreferstohusbandandwifewholivefarapart 八股文eighth partessayprescribedfortheimperialc
10、ivilserviceexaminations knownforitsrigidityofformandpovertyofideas 34 2005年共批准 三资 企业900家 全省 三资 企业已达11284家 In2005 900 ThreeFormsofVentures Sino foreignjoint ventures cooperativeenterprisesandforeign fundedenterprises wereapproved therefore thetotalnumberofthe ThreeFormsofVentures reached11284 35 意译法
11、东方时空焦点访谈新闻调查新闻三十分社会经纬中国各地天涯共此时 OrientalHorizonTopicsinFocusNewsProbeNewsin30MinutesNetofJusticeAroundChinaTimeTogetheracrosstheStrait 36 秀才onewhopassedtheimperialexaminationatthecountylevelintheMingandQingDynasties开绿灯provideconveniencesforcertainaffairs sothattheycouldproceedsmoothly蓝田人ape manofabou
12、t600 000yearsagowhosefossilremainswerefoundinLantian ShanxiProvincein1964 37 包办婚姻forcedmarriages脱贫致富toshakeoffpovertyandsetoutontheroadtoprosperity领导班子年轻化 知识化 专业化ayounger better educatedandmoreprofessionalleadership 38 全面建设小康社会物质文明精神文明弘扬主旋律 buildawell offsocietyinanall roundwaymaterialcivilizationcu
13、lturalandideologicalprogresshighlightthethemesofthetimes 39 公民道德建设实施纲要接续产业素质教育外向型经济 ProgramforImprovingCivicMoralityalternativeindustriesquality orientededucationcompetence orientededucationexport orientedeconomyoutward lookingeconomyglobal market orientedeconomy 40 此时此刻atthismoment谢天谢地ThankHeaven T
14、hankGod 沉默啊 沉默啊 不在沉默中爆发 就在沉默中灭亡 Silence Silence Unlessweburstoutinsilence weshallperishinthissilence Silence Silence Unlessweburstout weshallperishinthissilence 一册在手 纵览全球 环球 杂志征订广告 Withacopyinhand youcanhaveafarandwidelookattheglobe TheGlobebringsyoutheworldinasinglecopy 41 音译法 直接用汉语拼音胡同 hutong饺子 ji
15、aozi旗袍 qipao上海 Shanghai普通话 putonghua 42 用类似英语单词的拼写体现原文的发音 康顺有限公司 ConsonLtd 磕头 kowtow豆腐 tofu功夫 gongfu 43 音译意译结合法 在拼音之前或之后加上一个表意的词 或直接套用谐音谐义的英语单词 万福 酒楼WonderfulRestaurant海信HiSense联想Lenovo 44 文化色彩的再现 狼来了坏蛋混水摸鱼玩火 crywolfbadeggfishintroubledwatersplaywithfire 相同的文化意义 45 不同的文化意义 红眼病开门红红白喜事红榜 begreen eyedt
16、ogetoffwithagoodstartweddingsandfuneralshonorboard 46 更换喻体 拦路虎鸡皮疙瘩猫哭老鼠假慈悲像热锅上的蚂蚁狗改不了吃屎 alioninthewaygoosefleshtoshedcrocodiletearslikeahenonahotgirdleTheleopardcannotchangehisspots 47 缘木求鱼toseekahareina snest大海捞针tolookforaneedleina stack一箭之遥ata sthrow守口如瓶dumbasan 面如土色aswhiteasa hay stone oyster sheet hen 48 胆小如鼠astimidasa 一模一样aslikeastwo 蠢得像猪asstupidasa 瓮中之鳖likea inahole犟得像牛asstubbornasa hare peas goose rat mule 49 睡得死沉sleeplikea 对牛弹琴tocast before 一丘之貉 ofafeather掌上明珠the ofone seye像落汤鸡aswetasadro
