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1、1 2019 2020 上海市高三下英语开学摸底测试 I Listening Comprehension II Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for
2、 the other blanks use one word that best fits each blank Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his hand A brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his
3、colleagues have developed a brain computer interface BCI that 21 allow 28 year old Ian Burkhart to grasp and feel objects again Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs 22 can move his elbows and shoulders He had a brain implant inserted in 2014
4、 as part of research aiming to restore movement in 23 right arm The BCI uses the implant 24 record brain activity that is sent to a processor that decodes these signals into movements which in turn feed in to bands around the forearm which electrically activate his hand muscles 2 We ve made a lot of
5、 progress in the last six years he can play the video game Guitar Hero swipe a credit card and do about 20 different hand grips says Ganzer But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when 25 grasp objects and if blindfolded was not able to dete
6、ct small objects such as a pencil The researchers discovered that 26 Burkhart s hand cannot feel anything the brain implant stills registers a faint sensory signal when he touches an object They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart s hand receives
7、 sensory information As a result Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart s hand movements depending on the object a light grasp for example for a paper cup The researchers believe it is the first B
8、CI 27 can simultaneously restore movement and touch When the brain implant was inserted it 28 intend solely for controlling movement but the 29 add touch is possible because there is some overlap 30 the sensory and motor areas in Burkhart s brain says Ganzer Section B Directions Fill in each blank w
9、ith a proper word chosen from the box Each word can be used only once Note that there is one word more than you need 3 A consisted B composing C measures D account E patterns F limitations G moderately H progressed I distribution J significantly K complement AI can distinguish between bots and human
10、s based on Twitter activity Artificial intelligence is being used to spot the difference between human users and fake accounts on Twitter Emilio Ferrara at the University of Southern California in the US and his colleagues have trained an AI to detect bots on Twitter based on differences in 31 of ac
11、tivity between real and fake accounts The team analysed two separate datasets of Twitter users which had been classified either manually or by a pre existing algorithm as either bot or human The manually verified dataset 32 of 8 4 million tweets from 3500 human accounts and 3 4 million tweets from 5
12、000 bots The researchers found that human users replied four to five times more often to other tweets than bots did Real users gradually become more interactive with the fraction of replies increasing over the course of an hour long session of Twitter use The length of tweets by human users also dec
13、reased as sessions 33 The amount of information that is exchanged diminishes says Ferrara He believes that the change may result from a cognitive depletion over time in which people become less likely to expend mental effort 34 original content 4 Bots on the other hand show no changes in their inter
14、activity or the length of information they tweet over time The team also analysed the amount of time between any two consecutive 连读的 tweets from a single user When this 35 is plotted bots showed spikes for certain time gaps such as tweeting at 30 minute or 60 minute intervals The team then combined
15、these 36 to train an existing bot detection algorithm called Botometer on the difference in activity patterns The AI was 37 more likely to accurately detect to fake accounts than when it was not taking into 38 the timing of posts The algorithm could be used to 39 other bot detection tools that analy
16、se the language within posts says Ferrara One of the study s 40 is that the Twitter data the team analysed is from three years ago In that time it s possible that bots have become more human like in their activity patterns III Reading Comprehension Section A Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A B C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context It was college colours day at an elementary school in Altamonte Sprin
