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1、各位好！请大家注意以下几点：1. 英语语言学期末考试及其补考的复习范围和题型一致；2. 收到此邮件，请在同学之间传阅；3. 本邮件内容有三：考试题型、参考问答题、课堂练习及其答案。祝大家学习快乐！考试顺利！Examination Items 考试题型上海外国语大学继续教育学院 2014 年第 1 学期英语本科五年级和专升本科三年级“语言学”期末试卷考试时间：60 分钟班级 _ 学号 _ 姓名 _I. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms. (30%)II. Judge if the following statements are true or fal
2、se. (30%)III. Choose any two of the following questions to answer. (40%)Questions for Reference 参考问答题1. In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar? (P6)2. Please differentiate the following pairs of terms.voicing and voiceless (P16) vowels and consonants (P18)aspirate
3、d and unaspirated (P18) phones and phonemes (P23)3. Give a brief account of the kinds of morphemes in English language with examples. (P33-36)4. Why is English rich in synonyms? And how can we classify them? (P66-68)Exercises and Key 课堂练习及其答案Practice 1 Introduction1. Linguistics is the scientific st
4、udy of _.2. _ linguistics studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages while _ linguistics studies language at one particular point of time.3. The _ study of language studies the historical development of language over a period of time, and it is a historical
5、 study.4. _ and _ are the two major media of linguistic communication.5. The distinction between _ and parole was made by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure in the early 20th century while the distinction between competence and _ was proposed by the American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950s.6. C
6、homsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.7. Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar in several different ways. Firstly, linguistics is _ while traditional grammar is _; Secondly, moder
7、n linguistics regards the spoken language as _, not the written; Thirdly, modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar also in that it does not force languages into a _-based framework.8. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down r
8、ules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be _.9. The defining properties of human language are: creativity, _, _, _, _.10. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is _.11. Generally speaking, three main functions are o
9、ften recognized of language: the descriptive functions, the expressive function, and the _ function.12. According to the British linguist Hallidays simpler system of language functions, the ideational function is to organize the speaker or writers experience of the real or imaginary world, and the _
10、 function is to indicate, establish, or maintain social relationship between people while the _ function is to organize written or spoken texts in such a manner that they are coherent within themselves and fit the particular situation in which they are used.Practice 2 Introduction1. Modern linguisti
11、cs regards the written language as primary, not the spoken.2. Speech and writing are the two major media of language. All languages in the world today can be both spoken and written.3. The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many langu
12、ages in todays world that can only be spoken, but not written.4. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.5. With their respective distinction between langue and parole, and competence and performance, both Saussure and Chomsky present the view that only the abstract stru
13、cture of language can be studied systematically, but not its use.6. The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while parole refers to the concrete use of
14、conventions and rules, thus varying from person to person.7. An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors” for languag
15、e usage.8. Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.9. Language is entirely arbitrary.10. Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.Practice 3 Phonetics1. Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language. It has three branches: _, _ and auditory phonetics.2. The study of how people use their speech organs t
