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1、琼州学院本科毕业论文 (设计)2013年度本科生毕业论文（设计）蛋白质高效降解菌株的筛选和分离学 院： 理工学院 专 业： 环境工程 年 级： 2009 级 学生姓名： 学 号： 09222034 导师及职称： （讲 师） 2013年5月2013 Annual Graduation Thesis (Project) of the College Undergraduate Screening and Separation of Strains that Degradation Protein with High EfficiencyDepartment: Science of School a
2、nd TechnologyMajor: Environment EngineeringGrade: 2009Students Name: Weikang WangStudent No.: 09222034Tutor: Lecturer Rui Hu Finished by May, 2013摘 要随着人们对水产品需求的大大增加，近海水产养殖业得到了迅速发展。养殖生产本身对养殖水域环境会产生一定程度的污染。产养殖大多采用投饲外源性饵料，高密度养殖势必采用过量投饵。大量残饵、渔用肥料、养殖动物粪便等排泄物和生物残骸等所含的营养物质氮、磷以及悬浮物和耗氧有机物等是主要污染物，并且，这些过剩的营养物可
3、能导致水体富营养化，养殖水体的自净能力从而严重下降，继而导致鱼类的存活率下降，造成渔民的经济损失。所以，寻求解决水体富营养化问题的方法很是必要。本论文立足于最有效、最方便的微生物修复法，针对能降解蛋白质的微生物进行筛选与分离，并对其生长条件和去除COD的条件进行研究。为下一步功能菌株的驯化富集提供所需的原始目标菌株，并为下一步将该菌株应用于近海水产养殖场奠定理论基础。实验结果表明筛选到的蛋白质高效降解菌的最适生长条件跟COD去除率较高的条件相一致，降解菌适宜的生长温度为2535，适宜的PH为68，并要求一定的溶解氧浓度，这些条件基本接近自然养殖水体在夏季的情况，因此可利用蛋白质鱼粉的高效降解菌
4、对养殖水体的营养性污染物进行降解，净化水体。关键词：富营养化；生物修复；目标功能菌株；单因素实验ABSTRACTWith the greatly increased demand for fish, the offshore aquaculture industry has been developing rapidly. Aquaculture production itself will have a certain degree of pollution Aquaculture Environments.Because most of the aquaculture exogenous
5、feeding bait, high-density culture is bound to excessive feeding. A large number of bait, fishing fertilizers, breeding animal feces, excrement and biological debris on the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended solids and organic oxygen consumption is the main pollutants and excess
6、nutrients may cause eutrophication nutrition and aquaculture water self-purification capacity to a serious decline in the survival rate of the fish, and then lead, resulting in economic losses of fishermen.Therefore, it is necessary to seek a solution to the problem of eutrophication.This thesis is
7、based on the most effective and convenient microbial remediation method to filter and separate microorganisms can degrade proteins and study their growth conditions and the removal of COD conditions. For the next function domesticated strains enrichment original target strains and lay the theoretica
8、l foundation for the next step of the strains used in offshore aquaculture farms. Experimental results show that screening to protein-degrading bacteria optimum growth conditions consistent with higher COD removal efficiency conditions, degradation bacteria optimum growth temperature of 25 C to 35 C
9、, the suitable pH 6 to 8, and requires a certain dissolved oxygen concentration, these basic conditions close to natural farming water in the summer, so the use of microorganisms degrading protein fish meal nutritional pollutant degradation culture water purification water.Keywords: Eutrophication；B
10、ioremediation；Target Function of Strains；Single Factor Test目 录第一章 绪论11.1 富营养化的介绍11.1.1 富营养化的定义11.1.2 富营养化的危害11.2 水体富营养化的污染现状11.3养殖水体去污染的主要方法21.3.1 物理方法21.3.2 化学方法21.3.3 生物修复法31.3.3.1 水生植物修复法31.3.3.2 水生动物修复法31.3.3.3 微生物修复法31.4 国内外关于微生物修复的研究进展41.5 研究的目的和意义5第二章实验材料和方法62.1材料62.2 方法62.2.1蛋白质降解微生物的富集62.2.
11、2 分离纯化62.2.3 培养条件对蛋白质降解菌生长的影响6第三章 结果与分析73.1富集培养物对水样COD的降解作用及菌落形态73.2 温度对蛋白降解菌生长和COD去除率的影响83.3 PH对蛋白降解菌生长和COD去除率的影响93.4 蛋白降解菌生长过程中溶氧的变化9第四章 小结11参考文献12致谢13Table of ContentsChapter one Introduction11.1 The Introduction of Eutrophication1 1.1.1 The Definition of Eutrophication1 1.1.2 The Dangers of Eutr
12、ophication11.2 The Pollution Status of Eutrophication11.3 Aquaculture Water Decontamination Methods2 1.3.1 Physical Methods2 1.3.2 Chemical Methods2 1.3.3 Microbial Remediation Methods3 1.3.3.1 Aquatic Plants Restoration3 1.3.3.2 Aquatic Animal Restoration3 1.3.3.3 Microbial Remediation31.4 Microbia
13、l Remediation Progress at Home and Abroad41.5 Purpose and Significance of the Study5Chapter Two Materials and Methods62.1 Materials62.2 Methods62.2.1 Enrichment of Protein-degrading Microorganisms62.2.2 Separation and Purification6 2.2.3 Culture Conditions on Protein Degradation Bacteria6Chapter Thr
14、ee Results and Analysis73.1Enrichment on Water Samples COD Degradation and Colony Morphology73.2 The Impact of Temperature on the Protein Degradation Bacteria and COD Removal83.3 PH Protein Degradation Bacteria and COD Removal93.4 Changes in Dissolved Oxygen in the Protein-degrading Bacteria Growth Process 9Chapter Four Summary11References12Acknowledgements13琼州学院本科毕业论文 (设计)第一章 绪论1.1 富营养化的介绍 1.1.1 富营养化的定义水体富营养化是指在人类活动的影响下，氮、磷等营养物质大量进入湖泊、河口、海湾等缓流水体，引起藻类及其他浮游生物迅速繁殖，水体溶解氧量下降，水质恶化，鱼类及其他生物大量死亡的
