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1、非金属矿物去除污水中氮磷的研究 摘 要随着工业化程度不断加深，环境污染问题也越来越严重，水污染问题受到人们所重视，净化处理受污染的水质成为当前的热门课题。传统的污水净化处理成本过高，综合治理效果也不是很明显。本课题针对上述问题，利用天然粘土矿物累托石的吸附性能，储量多、价格便宜的特点，旨在为预防和修复水体富营养化开辟一条新的处理途径。具体来讲，本论文主要有以下两方面的内容。本文首先对天然非金属矿物（累托石、高岭土、伊利石、硅藻土、膨润土、海泡石、沸石（820目）、沸石（24mm）吸附氮磷的吸附性能进行对比试验。实验结果表明，天然粘土矿物对水体中氮磷虽然有一定去除作用，但效率不高。其次，本文重点
2、讨论了天然累托石的改性及改性累托石对氮磷的吸附性能，并对混合改性累托石吸附氮磷的影响因素进行了控制单因子变量研究。实验结果表明：经高温煅烧后的累托石，其比表面和层间距均显增大，经700煅烧过的累托石对氮磷的吸附性能最好；酸改性、碱改性、无机盐改性和有机改性可分别对累托石的结构及理化性质进行微调，改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能均有所提高，但由于各种因素的相互制约，单因子改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷吸附容量均出现阀值；通过对累托石的混合改性，其对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能均大大提高，其中等摩尔比混合改性的累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能最好，N、P的吸附容量分别达到1253.44g/g和1372
3、.28g/g，对模拟水样中氮磷的去除率分别为83.56%和91.49%。体系初始pH、吸附温度、吸附时间等对等摩尔比混合改性累托石氮磷的吸附容量有较大影响。等摩尔比混合改性累托石在酸强度较小的范围内其氮磷吸附容量达到最大；当吸附温度达35时，氮磷吸附速率最大，在实验条件下的吸附容量分别为1321.53g/g 和1108.54g/g，较高温度均有利于改性累托石对水样中氮磷的吸附；当吸附时间达到130min时，改性累托石对氮磷的吸附均达到饱和。关键词：累托石，氮吸附，磷吸附，改性，水环境修复NON-METALLIC MINERAL REMOVAL OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORU
4、S IN SEWAGEAuthor: Yin Zhiwei Instructor: Liu HengshengABSTRACTAt present, with the development of Chinas industry, more and more serious problems of environmental problems, such as water pollution, attracting more and more peoples attention. The study of purification of contaminated water has becom
5、e hot topic. However, traditional eutrophication water treatment costs high and ineffective. Focus on solve these problems, in this paper, natural clay of rectorite was used as excellent materials to adsorption N and P. Firstly, the natural non-metallic mineral were used, such as rectorite kaolinite
6、, illite， diatomite, bentonite, sepiolite, zeolite (8 to 20 mesh), zeolite (2 4mm) et.al., there nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption performance were test. The experimental results show that the natural clay minerals can adsorption N, P, but the efficiency is low.Secondly, the article focuses on the
7、natural rectorite modified and modified rectorite adsorption properties, moreover, the mixed modified rectorite adsorption nitrogen, phosphorus influencing factors were sutudied when controlling single factor variable. The experimental results show that, after high temperature calcined rectorite, it
8、s specific surface and pore volume were significantly increased, when rectorite calcined at 700 , the material had the best adsorption properties of nitrogen, phosphorus; acid-modified, alkali modified inorganic salt modification and organic modifier can fine-tune the structure and physicochemical p
9、roperties of rectorite modified rectorite simulate water samples in nitrogen, phosphorus adsorption properties were improved， but due to various factors. constraints， single-factor modified rectorite simulated water samples in nitrogen, phosphorus adsorption capacity threshold; mixture of modified r
10、ectorite simulate water samples in nitrogen, phosphorus adsorption properties are greatly improving which an equimolar ratio of the mixed-modified rectorite simulate water samples in nitrogen， phosphorus adsorption properties of the best, N, P adsorption capacity reached 1253.44g/g, and 1372.28g/g o
11、f simulated water samples in nitrogen, phosphorus The removal efficiency of 83.56% and 91.49%, respectively.The initial pH, adsorption temperature, adsorption time, etc. molar ratio of the mixed-modified rectorite nitrogen, phosphorus adsorption capacity. Equimolar ratio of modified rectorite nitrog
12、en, phosphorus adsorption capacity of nitrogen adsorption capacity in the range of small acid strength maximum; when adsorption temperature reaches 35C, the nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption rate, adsorption under the experimental conditions capacity of 1321.53g/g and 1108.54g/g, higher temperature
13、s are conducive to modified rectorite adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water sample; when controlling the adsorption time was 130 min, modified rectorite reached adsorption saturation.Key words: Rectorite, Adsorption of N, Adsorption of P, Modified, Water environment restoration目 录第一章 文献
14、综述11.1 国内水环境现状11.1.1 水体的污染11.1.2 我国水环境特点21.2 环境水富营养化的处理方法21.2.1 化学处理法21.2.2 物理处理法31.2.3 生物处理法31.3 非金属矿物处理水体富营养化方面的研究进展31.4 累托石的性质与结构特点51.4.1 物理及化学性质51.4.2 结构特点61.5 累托石粘土矿的改性71.5.1 无机改性累托石71.5.2 有机改性累托石81.5.3 其他累托石改性方法81.6 本文研究的目的、意义及内容9第二章 天然非金属矿物对氮磷的吸附研究102.1 实验仪器及试剂102.1.1 试剂与原料102.1.2 主要仪器和设备112.
15、2 实验部分112.2.1 水样中氮含量的测定112.2.2 水样中磷含量的测定122.2.3 不同非金属矿物对水样中氮磷吸附率的测定132.3 结果与讨论132.3.1 氮标准曲线132.3.2 磷标准曲线142.3.3 不同非金属粘土矿物的对模拟水样中氮的吸附性能分析152.3.4 不同非金属粘土矿物的对模拟水样中磷的吸附性能分析182.3.5 不同非金属粘土矿物的对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能比较202.4 本章小结21第三章 累托石的改性及改性累托石对氮磷的吸附研究223.1 实验仪器及试剂223.2 实验部分223.2.1 累托石改性223.2.2 改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能测试233.3 结果与讨论243.3.1 热改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能分析243.3.2 酸改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能分析263.3.3 碱改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能分析273.3.4 盐改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能分析293.3.5 有机改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能分析313.3.6 混合改性累托石对模拟水样中氮磷的吸附性能分析343.4 本章小结36第四章 混合改性累托石吸附氮磷的影响因素374.1 实验仪器及试剂374.2 实验部分374.2.1初始pH条件实验
