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1、 常用临床医学术语 diseases疾病 acute diseases 急性病 advanced diseases 病沉重期 晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病 communicable diseases传染病 complicating diseases并发病 congenital diseases先天性疾病 acquired diseases后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病 endemic diseases地方病 epidemic diseases流行病 functional diseases机能病 官能病 infectious diseases传
2、染病 inherited diseases遗传病 malignant diseases恶性病 nutritional diseases营养病 occupation diseases职业病 organic diseases器质性病 paroxysmal diseases阵发性病 periodical diseases周期病 primary principal diseases 原发 主导 病 secondary diseases 继发病 sexual venereal social diseases 性病 terminal diseases绝症 wasting diseases消耗性疾病 chi
3、ef complaint 主诉 clinical manifestation 临床表现 delivery history 分娩史 etiology 病因学 family history 家族史 history medical history 病史 precipitating induced 诱因 marital status 婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche初潮 menopause闭经 past history 既往史 pathogenesis发病机制 personal history 个人史 symptoms症状 cardinal symptom 主要症
4、状 classical symptom 典型症状 concomitant symptom 伴发症状 constitutional systemic symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom 精神症状 symptom complex syndrome symptom 综合症 症候群 signs 体征 antecedent前驱征 assident accessory 副征 commemorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征 diagnostic
5、 诊断征 sign of disease病征 subjective 自觉征 主观征 vein sign 静脉征 vital sign 生命体征 body length height of the body 身高 body weight 体重 barrel chest桶状胸 cachexia恶病质 compulsive position 被动体位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦 enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion 睑内翻 exophthalmos 眼球突出 flushed face面色潮红 gain loss in weight 增加 减轻
6、 体重 lock jaw 牙关紧闭 lordosis 脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动 nystagmus眼震 obesity 肥胖 pallor 苍白 scolisis 脊柱侧凸 agitation 焦急不安 debility weakness 虚弱 diaphoresis出汗 大量出汗 dizziness vertigo 眩晕 lassitude fatigue 无力 倦怠 malaise不适 night sweat 盗汗 numbness麻木 rigor chill 寒冷 发冷 perspiration sweating 出汗 pruritus itching 痒 soma
7、sthenia躯体无力 tingling 麻刺感 abscess脓肿 acidosis 酸中毒 adhesion粘连 alkalosis 碱中毒 allergy 过敏 coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血 dehydration 脱水 distention 膨胀 edema水肿 embolism 栓塞 栓塞形成 fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱 gangrene坏疽 hematoma血肿 hemorrhage bleeding出血 infarction 梗塞 梗死 infection 传染 inflammatio
8、n 炎症 ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒 metastasis转移 perforation 穿孔 necrosis坏死 shock 休克 response反应 应答 reaction 反应 感应 thrombosis 血栓形成 ulceration 溃疡 fever pyrexia 发烧 发热 continuous fever 稽留热 intermittent fever 间歇热 low grade fever 低热 remittent fever 驰张热 relapsing fever 回归热 pain 痛 burning pain 灼痛 chest flank pain胸 胁腹 痛 c
9、ramp like pain 痉挛性痛 dull diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛 pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛 radiating pain pain radiating to 放射性痛 放射到 疼痛 angina 绞痛 cardiac angina心绞痛 backache背痛 colic 绞痛 急腹痛 earache耳痛 headache头痛 neuralgia 神经痛 migraine 偏头痛 rebound tenderness反跳痛 somatalgia躯体痛 sore throat咽喉痛 stomachache胃痛 toothache牙痛 bloody sputu
10、m 带血的痰 cough 咳嗽 dry cough 干咳 expectoration 咳痰 expectoration of blood 咳血 hemoptysis 咳血 anoxia 缺氧 apnea呼吸暂停 窒息 asthma气喘 哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切 斯氏呼吸 潮式呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困难 hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸 换气过度 hypopnea呼吸不全 呼吸浅表 hypoxia 低氧 缺氧 orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest呼吸停止 suffocation 窒息 tachypnea
11、呼吸急促 fetid breath 口臭 fruity breath 呼吸有水果味 arrhythmia 心律失常 心律不齐 atelectasis肺不张 肺膨胀不全 cardiac arrest心搏骤停 cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大 cyanosis发绀 青紫 distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张 extrasystole 期外收缩 gallop rhythm 奔马律 hemopleura血胸 hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流 hypovolemia 循环 血容量减少 palpitation 心悸 tachycardia
12、心动过速 pneumothorax气胸 thrill 震颤 absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失 dull sound 浊音 hyperresonant鼓音 rale 啰音 rhonchus rhonchi 鼾音 干啰音 wheeze哮鸣音 anorexia loss of appetite食欲不振 厌食 dysphagia吞咽困难 eructation 嗳气 belching 嗳气 flatulence 气胀 flatus 肠胃气 屁 gaseous distention胃胀气 hematemesis呕血 hiccough hiccup 打呃 呃逆 nausea恶心 pyro
13、sis 胃灼热 regurgitation 反胃 回流 thirsty 口渴 vomiting 呕吐 anal fissure crack in the anal canal肛裂 ascites腹水 board like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹 decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱 exophageal varices食管静脉曲张 fistula 瘘 瘘管 hemorrhoid 痔 hernia 疝 hepatomegaly肝肿大 intussusception肠套叠 jaundice 黄疸 muscle guarding defe
14、nce of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫 peristalsis蠕动 loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失 mass peristalsis总蠕动 retrograde reversed peristalsis逆蠕动 prolapse脱垂 prolapse of anus脱肛 rectal prolapse直肠脱垂 脱肛 volvulus 肠扭转 calculus 结石 石 biliary calculus 胆结石 vesical calculus 膀胱结石 constipation 便秘 defecation 排便 diarrhea腹泻 incontinenc
15、e of feces大便失禁 hematochezia便血 fecal impaction 大便嵌塞 occult blood 潜血 painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动 clay colored stools 陶土色便 dark granular coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物 fecal vomiting stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪 吐粪 foul fatty stools steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便 脂肪痢 scanty and hard stools便少而硬 tarry black sto
16、ols 柏油样便 anuria 无尿 burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感 dysurea排尿困难 尿痛 enuresis bed wetting遗尿 frequency of urination 尿频 micturation 排尿 uresis urination voiding 排尿 nocturia 夜尿 oliguria 少尿 polyuria 多尿 tenesmus里急后重 vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重 uremia coma尿毒症昏迷 urgency of urination 尿急 urinary incontinence 尿失禁 aciduria 酸尿 chyluria 乳糜尿 cylindruia 管型尿 glycosuria 糖尿 hematuria血尿 ketonuria 酮尿 pneumatinuria 气尿 proteinuria 蛋白尿 pyuria 脓尿 amenorrhea经闭 无月经 dysmenorrhea痛经 menorrhagia 月经过多 lochia 恶露 menorrhea行经 月经过
