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1、基层公务人员工作压力研究 以 Z 区乡镇街道为例 申请清华大学公共管理硕士专业学位论文 培养单位 公共管理学院 申 请 人 林 宏 指导教 师 梅赐琪 讲 师 二 一一年十二月 基 层 公 务 人 员 工 作 压 力 研 究 以 Z 区 乡 镇 街 道 为 例 林 宏 Work Stress of Civil Servants at Grass root Level Research on Township and Sub district officials of District Z Thesis Submitted to Tsinghua University in partial fu
2、lfillment of the requirement for the professional degree of Master of Pubic Administration by Lin Hong Thesis Supervisor Assistant Professor Mei Ciqi December 2011 关于学位论文使用授权的说明 本人完全了解清华大学有关保留 使用学位论文的规定 即 清华大学拥有在著作权法规定范围内学位论文的使用权 其中 包括 1 已获学位的研究生必须按学校规定提交学位论文 学 校可以采用影印 缩印或其他复制手段保存研究生上交的学位论文 2 为教学和科研
3、目的 学校可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在 图书馆 资料室等场所供校内师生阅读 或在校园网上供校内师生 浏览部分内容 本人保证遵守上述规定 保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定 作者签名 导师签名 日 期 日 期 摘 要 工作压力是影响基层公务人员工作状态和精神风貌的重要因素 基层政府公 务人员身处政策执行和公共服务一线 其工作压力的状况还将直接影响到执行效 果和服务质量 是事关政府效能以及公众评价的重要问题 本研究选取西部某市 Z 区 218 名乡镇公务人员为样本 通过问卷调查方法 对基层公务人员的工作压力和职业倦怠情况分别进行了分维度和分指标的测量 对不同类型的公务人员的工作压力和职业倦怠情况进行了
4、统计学意义上的比较分 析 并在此基础上 将工作压力作为职业倦怠的前因变量 采用向后筛选多元回 归方法 验证了两者之间的因果关系 在定量研究的基础上 本研究还结合实地 访谈的质性数据 对统计分析的结果进行了三角验证 本研究有以下主要发现 1 基层公务人员工作压力感受较重 在工作压力 源六因素中 除组织内人际关系外 在组织结构与倾向等其它五因素中压力感受 均达到中度以上 其中具体因素排序为 组织结构与倾向 职业发展 干群关系 工作本身 角色压力 组织内人际关系 2 基层公务人员职业倦怠表现也较明 显 具体到三维表现中 情绪耗竭最为突出 玩世不恭次之 成就感降低表现不 明显 3 基层公务人员的工作压
5、力和职业倦怠在不同年龄 职级和单位类型之 间存在显著差异 不同性别 学历类型间的差异不显著 4 基层公务人员工作 压力与职业倦怠的不同维度之间存在显著相关关系 其中前者与情绪耗竭 玩世 不恭正相关 与成就感降低负相关 即压力大 成就感加强 5 基层公务人员 职业倦怠在三个维度上的表现分别与不同的工作压力相关 其中 情绪耗竭与工 作本身 组织结构与倾向 干群关系导致的压力显著相关 玩世不恭与工作本身 组织内人际关系 职业发展的压力显著相关 在实证研究的基础上 本研究提出应从组织和个体两个方面来对基层公务人 员的工作压力进行调整并对职业倦怠进行预防和干预 组织方面 建议制定目标 时应尊重实际 安排
6、任务当合理适度 政策监督过程中应注重目标与手段的统一 避免形式主义 关注基层公务人员职业发展 创建科学激励机制 关注基层公务 人员心理健康 建立疏导缓解机制 个体方面 建议加强基层公务人员对自我压 力的认知并掌握一些疏导压力的技巧 关键词 基层政府 公务人员 工作压力 职业倦怠 Abstract Work stress is an important factor affecting civil servants at grass root level for their working status and moral Civil servants at grass root level a
7、re on the front line of policy implementation and public service provision Their working stress level has direct bearings on policy outcomes which will affect government efficiency and public appraisal on government Through a survey research on a sample of 218 township and sub district officials at
8、District Z of a western province this study measures multiple dimensions of work stress and job burnout it also compares statistically among different groups of civil servants for their work stress and job burnout level After descriptive analysis this study uses backward selection regression model t
9、o test the causality between work stress and job burnout taking the former as causal variable And besides quantitative research this study also carries out interviews to gather qualitative data to triangulate the result from statistical analysis This study has several findings as follows First of al
10、l civil servants at grass root level experience high work stress Respondents in average present medium or above stress level in five out of six stressors And the rank of stressors is following organization structure and trend career prospect cadre mass relationship task related role stress and intra
11、 organization relation Second job burnout level is also high Specifically the respondents show higher emotional exhaustion and high cynicism while no significant decrease of the sense of achievement has been observed Third work stress and job burnout level are significantly different among different
12、 groups of age rank and locations while no significant difference is observed on gender and education Fourth work stress and different dimensions of job burnout is correlated specifically the former is positively related with emotion exhaustion and cynicism while is negatively related with the decre
13、ase of the sense of achievement Fifth different dimensions of job burnout correlate with different stressors specifically emotional exhaustion correlates significantly with stressors of task related organizational structure and trend and cadre mass relation while cynicism correlated significantly wi
14、th those of task related intra organization relation and career prospect Based upon empirical studies this thesis poses policy suggestions to adjust the work stress of civil servants at grass root level and to intervene their job burnout From the perspective of organization this thesis suggests that
15、 the government should establish policy goals in accordance to realities and arrange task reasonably and properly its supervision activities should pay more attention the consistence between means and ends and avoid formalism it should care more about the career development of civil servants at gras
16、s root level and create scientific incentive structure finally it should care more about the mental health of civil servants at grass root level and help find the mechanism to release their the pressures and stress For individual this thesis suggests that individual should recognize and be aware of their own stress level and acquire some practical skills of stress release Keywords Civil Servant at Grass root Level Work Stress Job Burnout 目 录 第 1 章 引言 1 1 1 研究背景 1 1 2 研究意义 1 第 2 章 文献综述 3 2 1 压力及工
