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1、1 中考英语 定语从句 一 定义 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 定语定语用来限定 修饰名词或代词的 是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语 动 词不定式短语 动名词短语和分词短语 或句子 汉语中常用 的 表示 主要由形容词担任 此外 名词 代词 数词 分词 副词 不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任 也可以由一个句子 来担任 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前 作前置定语 短语和从句作定语时则放在所 修饰的词之后 作后置定语 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子 定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如 1 The man who lives next to us is a polic
2、eman 2 You must do everything that I do 上面两句中的man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词 定语从句放在先行词 的后面 引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that which who 宾格 who 所有格 whose 和关系副词 where when why 关系词常有三个作用 1 引导定语从句2 代替先行词3 在定语从句中担当一个 成分 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I
3、 helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about 注意 关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替 可省略 3 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the
4、 pen which he bought yesterday which 在句子中做宾语 2 4 that 指人时 相当于who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于which 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 5 The people that who come to visit the city are all here 在句子中做主语 6 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor
5、 2 I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 5 Do you like the book whose color is yellow Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 注 that 用法 1 不用
6、that 的情况 a 在引导非限定性定语从句时 错 The tree that is four hundred years old is very famous here b 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food We depend on the land that which we get our food from 2 只能用that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a 在 there be 句型中 只用that 不用which b 在不定代词 如 anything nothing the one all等作先行词时
7、只用that 不 用 which c 先行词有the only the very the same the last just修饰时 只用that d 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用that 不能用which e 先行词既有人 又有物时 f 先行词指物 在主句中作表语时 g 为了避免重复 h 先行词是the way 或 the reason 时 that 可作关系副词 也可省略 3 i 主句的主语是疑问词who which时 举例 Is this the book that you borrowed in the library 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗 Who that bre
8、ak the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油问题 Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 三 关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词关系副词 在句中作状语 关系副词 介词 关系代词 why for which where in at on which 介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配 1
9、 where 指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 2 when 引导定语从句表示时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 注 表示时间 time 一词的定语从句只用whe
10、n 引导 有时不用任何关系代词 当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrived in London we had stayed there for two weeks 到你到达伦敦的时候 我们在那里已经待了两个星期 I still remember the first time I met her 我仍然记得我第一次见到她 Each time he goes to business trip he brings a lot of living necessities such as towels soap toothbrush etc 4 每一次他去出差 他带来了生
11、活必需品 如毛巾 肥皂 牙刷等 很多 3 why 指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear 2 From the year when in which he was going to school he
12、began to know what he wanted when he grew up 注 1 介词后面的关系代词不能省略 2 that 前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同 关系副词when where 和 why 互换 This is the house in which I lived two years ago This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember
13、the day when you joined our club This is the reason why he came late This is the reason for which he came late 三 练习 练习一 一 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1 The boy is my younger brother He was here a minute ago 2 The old man is a professor He teaches chemistry in a college 3 Beijing Hotel is near Tian An M
14、en Square The foreign visitors live there 4 The woman is here now You were talking about her 5 5 This is the hall We listened to the report in it the other day 6 The car was going 90 miles an hour The car just passed us 7 The man was my uncle The man waved to us 8 I enjoyed reading the book You gave
15、 me a book last week 9 I prefer the subject The subject is science 10 I spoke to the man The man is a professor 二 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The house we live in is very big 2 The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever 3 This is the present he gave me for my birthday 4 The man talked to you just now
16、is an engineer 5 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited 6 There is nothing in the world can frighten him 7 She wears a gold ring is very uncommon in our class 8 We visited a factory makes toys for children 9 Is this the place your father once lived 10 I ll never forget the days I joined the League 练习二 一 单项填空 1 Who is the man was talking to our English teacher Oh It s Mr Baker our maths teacher A he B that C whom D which 6 2 I hate the people don t help others when they are in tr
