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1、定语从句 用一个句子作定语 此句子叫作定语从句 定语从句位于被它修饰的名词或代词之后 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词可分为关系代词 who whom whose which that 和关系副词 when where why 关系词都充当从句的某个成分 它所替代的相应成分应省去 在定语从句中 当who which that作主语时 谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密 没有它 主句的意思也清楚 因此用逗号隔开 关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从
2、句中的用法基本一样 八大关系词用法表 考点一 考查关系词的省略whom which that作定语从句的宾语时 可以省略 Theperson whom that theyarelookingforisMrWilde Thetopic which that youweretalkingaboutisrelatedtogeography 考点二 考查非限制性定语从句1 引导非限定性定语从句时 只能用which 不用that 除which外 还可用when where who m 等关系代 副词引导非限定性定语从句 Lisaisanamateuractress whoactedanimportant
3、partinafilm Thisisakeyseniorhighschool whereIspentthreeyears FinallyIdecidedtostayinChongqing whereIfinishedmycollegestudy 2 引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义 Lilystayeduplateintothenight whichmadehermotheranxious 3 在限定性定语从句中作宾语时 引导词可以省略 但引导非限定 性定语从句的连词不能省 Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother whomhelove
4、dashisownmother 4 置于句首时 非限制性定语从句只能用as引导 而置于句末时as和which都可以 但是当非限定性定语从句是否定意义时 只能用which引导 Theelephantislikeasnake asanybodycansee Asanybodycansee theelephantislikeasnake 即学即练 单项填空 Sheheardtheterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that解析 选B which指代前面的先行词noise 引导非限定性定语从句 并在从句中作主语 Do
5、rothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay ofcourse madetheothersunhappy A whoB whichC thisD what 解析 选B which指代前面的整个句子 引导非限制性定语从句 isknowntoall Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30years time That advancingB This advancedC As advancedD It advancing解析 选C 置于句首时 非限制性定语从句只能用as引导 advanced先进的 advanci
6、ng年事渐高的 Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD if解析 选B 句中morethan的本意为 超过 超过了我们的预料 which指代前面的整个句子 考点三 关系代词that或which指物时 宜用that而不用which的情况1 先行词为all much little none few one something anything等不定代词时 Isthereanything that Icandoforyou Mum that作宾语时可省略 Ishalldoall tha
7、t Icantohelpyou thatIcan是定语从句 修饰 all tohelpyou是动词不定式作目的状语 2 先行词被形容词最高级 序数词等修饰或被only any few much little no all oneof等修饰时 Muchmoneythathadbeendonatedwassenttothedisasterarea Thisisthemostinterestingbook that Ihaveeverread Youaretheverykindofperson that wehavebeenlookingfor 3 先行词是人和物共用时只能用that Hewaslo
8、okingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus Theoldmanandhisdogthatlivenearherearestrollinginthepark 4 当主句中含有疑问词which时 Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme 5 先行词在主句中作表语 或关系代词在从句中作表语时 Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe 6 当主句是therebe句型时 修饰其主语的定语从
9、句宜用that指代物 Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree 7 在一个句子中有两个定语从句 其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which 另一个定语从句的关系代词用that Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore 考点四 考查关系代词宜用which而不用that的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中 Bambooishollow whichmakesitlight 2 在关系词前有介词时 ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived 3
10、当先行词本身是that时 Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime 4 当关系词离从句较远时 HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich asIhavetoldyou willhelpimproveyourEnglish 5 在一个句子中有两个定语从句 其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that 另一个宜用which LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous 考点五 考查关系代词who与that指人时 也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词1 当主句是therebe句
11、型时 关系词用who指代人 There sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou 2 先行词为anyone those someone everyone one等词时 关系词用who ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell 3 当主句是who作疑问词时 关系词用that Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow 4 一个句子中带有两个定语从句 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that 另一个宜用who以避免重复 Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyester
12、day smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard 考点六 考查介词提前1 whom which作介词的宾语时 介词可提到whom which之前 此时whom which不能省略 也不能用that替换 TheladytowhomyouspokelastWednesdayisPaul swife IhaveatelescopewithwhichIcanobservethestarsinspace 2 如果被提前的是一个介词短语 应把整个介词短语提前 不能拆开 如果被提前的是一个动词短语 介词不能提前 Iboughtamapaccord
13、ingtowhichwecanfindthedestination Themantheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson Themanwhom thattheyreferredtojustnowisapromisingperson LeiFeng fromwhomwehaveoncelearnedalot isnowanexampletothesoldiersofWestPointMilitarySchool 西点军校 ofAmerica 关系代词前的介词from 与从句的谓语动词learn构成习惯表达learnfrom 向 学习 即学即练 单项填空 In
14、theofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5 30pm manypeoplehavegonehome A whosetimeB thatC onwhichD bywhichtime解析 选D bywhichtime即by after5 30 到五点三十分以后 介词的选择取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系 考点七 关系副词与关系代词的转换1 where in at whichTheBermudaTriangle which that manyshipsdisappearedinisamysteriousplace TheBermudaTriangleinw
15、hich wheremanyshipsdisappearedisamysteriousplace 2 when in on at during whichThetime which that thefootballmatchbeginsatiseighto clock Thetimeatwhich whenthefootballmatchbeginsiseighto clock 3 whose ofwhich whom the 物 人 the 物 人 ofwhich whomofwhich whom前还可以加形容词最高级 数词 不定代词等 Tibet whosesceneryisratheru
16、nique isasummerresort Tibet ofwhichthescenery thesceneryofwhichisratherunique isasummerresort Thetourists ofwhomtheeldestis70 theeldestofwhomis70 arefromSingapore Isawthreefilmsthismonth twoofwhichwereveryinteresting 4 why forwhichThereason which that he sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear Thereasonforwhich whyhe sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear 即学即练 单项填空 AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild A whichB whereC thatD when解析 选B 因为表地点的先行词thesmalltown在从句中作状语 当表地点的先行词在从句中作
