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1、Chapter3GovernmentandtheCommonwealthOct 2014 1 2020 5 28 2 PoliticalParties Constitution Government Election TheCommonwealth CONTENT 2020 5 28 3 Constitution I SystemofBritishgovernmentaparliamentarydemocracywithaconstitutionalmonarchy议会民主制和君主立宪制BritishConstitutionismadeupof P30 3 StatutoryLaw passe
2、dbyParliament MagnaCarta BillofRights CommonLaw case law judge madelawConventions rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegally butareregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernmente g TheMonarchshallgranttheRoyalAssenttoallBillspassedbyParliament Themonarchwillacceptandactontheadviceoftheirministers whoarerespon
3、sibletoParliamentforthatadvice ThePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomistheleaderoftheparty orcoalitionofparties withanabsolutemajorityofseatsintheHouseofCommons Ex WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT TEM8 2010 A TheBritishconstitutionincludestheMagnaCartaof1215 B TheBritishconstitutionincludesParli
4、amentaryacts C TheBritishconstitutionincludesdecisionsmadebycourtsoflaw D TheBritishconstitutionincludesonesinglewrittenconstitution P30 2 2020 5 28 4 Monarch non political Theoretically Inreality Theimportanceofthemonarchy Monarchreignsbutdoesnotrule LegislatureParliamentLaw makingbody ExecutiveGov
5、ernmentDecidingpoliciestakentoparliamentMakingsurethelawsbeingcarriedout JudiciaryLawLords高等法官 non political HouseofCommons political 650MPs HouseofLords semi political 724Lords PrimeMinister political SupremeCourt最高法院 CourtofAppeals上诉法院 BasicStructureofUKCentralGovernment TheLordsTemporal 俗职lifepee
6、rs终身贵族 587hereditarypeers世袭贵族 92LawLords高等法官 SupremeCourt 19TheLordsSpiritual 神 灵职26archbishops 2bishops 24Function toexamineandrevisebills toactinalegalcapacity centerofparliamentarypower P33 3 MPs representingtheirconstituenciesThreemajorfunctions P33 4 todraftnewlawstoscrutinizetheactionsofthegov
7、ernmenttoinfluencethefuturegovernmentpolicy leaderofthemajoritypartyheadofthegovernmentcontrollingtheParliament CenterofBritishpoliticalsystemsupremedecision makingbodychosenbythePrimeMinister Cabinetministers political Civilservice non political HighCourtCrownCourtMagistrates Court Criminalbranch H
8、ighCourtCountyCourtMagistrates Court Civilbranch 2020 5 28 5 ThePoliticalParties PoliticalParties 3typesofpartysystems 1 one partysystems 2 two partysystems 3 multi partysystemsChina Asystemofmulti partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipoftheCPC 2020 5 28 6 TheConservativeParty保守党
9、 WinstonChurchill1940 1945 1951 1955 MargaretThatcher1979 1990 DevelopmentBeingestablishedin1830s fromtheToryfoundedin1678Characteristicssupportingfreeenterprise自由企业andprivatization私有化ofstate ownedenterprisereducingtheinfluenceoftradeunionsandminimizingexpendituresonsocialwelfarelowtaxesPolicies pra
10、gmatismandabeliefinindividualism 国家对经济 政治的 不干涉主义 自由放任主义Supportersmiddleandupper middleclass landowners businessmen the Right Periodsinpower1915 22coalition 1922 24 1924 29 1931 45coalition 1951 64 1970 74 1974 1979coalition 1979 1997 2010coalition 2020 5 28 7 TheLaborParty工党 TonyBlair1997 2007 Gordo
11、nBrown2007 2010 Developmentbeingcreatedin1900replacingLiberals自由党asoneoftwomajorpartiesby1929CharacteristicsBelievinginanegalitarian asocialistpartyHightaxesProvidingpublicservice socialwelfare education publictransportSettingupNationalHealthService NHS 国民医疗保健制度SettingupwelfarepaymentsNationalizingi
12、ndustriesSupportersWorkingclassandcommonpeoplethe Left Periodsinpower1924 1929 31 1931 45coalition 1945 51 1964 70 1974 1979coalition 1997 2010 2020 5 28 8 ComparativeDescriptiononthe2majorparties Mid 19thC old 20thC young 2020 5 28 9 ComparativeDescriptiononthe2majorparties NationalHealthService NH
13、S welfarepaymentsNationalizingindustries Privatizationofnationalizedindustrieslesswelfarepayments publicservice 2020 5 28 10 ComparativeDescriptiononthe2majorparties hightaxessocialistpublic lowtaxesIndividualprivate 2020 5 28 11 ComparativeDescriptiononthe2majorparties Workingclass middleanduppermi
14、ddle 2020 5 28 12 REFERENCE http www parliament ukhttp www ukonline gov ukhttp www cabinetoffice gov uk 2020 5 28 13 Preparation Nexttime Groupwork ExercisesofChapter3and5questionsofTEM8Chapter4EconomyGroupwork CurrentBritishEconomy P46 50 ExercisesofChapter4and5questionsofTEM8Groupwork Chapter5Educ
15、ation andrelativeexercisesofthechapterGroupwork Chapter5Media andrelativeexercisesofthechapterGroupwork Chapter5Holidays andrelativeexercisesofthechapter 2020 5 28 14 2020 5 28 14 ThelongestreigningmonarchyTheOfficialTitleoftheHerMajesty HM Queen ElizabethII bytheGraceofGodoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatB
16、ritainandNorthernIreland andofHerotherRealmsandTerritoriesQueen HeadoftheCommonwealth DefenderoftheFaith 蒙上帝恩典 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国与其属土及领地之女王 伊丽莎白二世 英联邦之首 信仰的守护者 TheroleofMonarchytoday 2020 5 28 15 2020 5 28 15 TheQueen sHusband PrinceConsort PhilipthesonofPrinceAndrewofGreeceDukeofEdinburghPrinceoftheUnitedKingdomcousinQueenVictoria great great grandmotherTheBritishroyalfamilychangedtheirlastnamefromSaxe Coburg GothatoWindsorin1917 TheQueendoesnotnormallyuseasurname butonthefewoccasionswhereithasbeenn
