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1、WhatisthePassiveVoice 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态 theActiveVoice 被动语态 thePassiveVoice Whatisit A 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 B 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Weplantedthetree Thetreewasplantedbyus WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 当主语是动作的执行者时 动词用主动语态 ActiveVoice 如果主语是动作的承受者 动词便用被动语态 PassiveVoice Wecleanedthecl
2、assroomyesterday 昨天我们打扫了教室 Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday 昨天教室被我们打扫了 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主动语态 Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 Whentouseit 1 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者 或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时 2 当我们需要强调动作承受者 而不是动作的执行者 这本词典被保存完好 不需要说明是谁保存的 这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的 强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现 Thedictionaryiswellkept Thesebookwe
3、refoundinthe1920s 被动语态的用法 Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker 1 强调动作的承受者 如 TabletennisisplayedalloverChina Englishisspokenbymanypeople 2 不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出 如 AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6 1924 TheStructureis 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 be P P 一般现在时 am is aredone一般
4、过去时 was weredone现在进行时 am is arebeingdone过去进行时 was werebeingdone现在完成时 have hasbeendone过去完成时 hadbeendone一般将来时 shall willbedone begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时 句子结构为can must haveto bedone Heisregardedasabrilliant 他被认为很有才气 Thisbookwaswrittenin1969 这本书是1969年写成的 Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理 Het
5、oldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡 Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears 这支钢笔已经用了几年 Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened 他说这家工厂已经开张 Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours 工作将于三小时后完成 Thebabymustbelookedafterwell 这孩子必须被好好照顾 被动语态的结构 被动语态由 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 助动词be有人称 数的变化 其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样 如 Thede
6、skismadeofwood Thedesksaremadeofwood Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday 在改写中应注意 1 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 2 把动词变成 be 过去分词 3 主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语 典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态 Wecleanourclassroomeveryday Ourclassroomiscleaned byus everyday 主变被解题步骤 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfac
7、tory Shoes 2 判断宾语的单复数 即be动词的单复数 arewere 3 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态 4 修改谓语的时态 即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5 修改原句的主语 即by 主语 bythem Tombrokethewindow ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom Tombrokethewindows ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom Hebrokethewindows Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim 一般现在时的被动语态 am are is 过去分词 Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld
8、 2 Mr Greenteachesusthisterm Footballallovertheworld Wethisterm isplayed bypeople aretaught byMr Green 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 过去分词 4 PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago 5 Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren TheGreatWalllongago Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren wasbuilt bypeople wereuse
9、d byus tomake 一般将来时的被动语态 will begoingto be 过去分词 6 Wewillwriteadiarynextclass 7 Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty Adiarynextclass Abirthdayparty willbewritten byus isgoingtoheldbyTom 情态动词的被动语态 must haveto can等 be 过去分词 8 Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce 9 Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime Thebrokenpo
10、tteryatonce Ourhomework mustbethrownaway byyou hastobefinished byus ontime Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday WecallthesnowmanMrStrong ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom 2 Theyboughttencompute
11、rslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday 4 AbycantakegoodcareofTina TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby 情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 Hecancarrythebasket
12、easily Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem Wemustputtheminthefridge Thedogsthought Theymustbeputinthefridge Thedogsthought 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 Theyaregoingtohaveaneve
13、ningpartytomorrow Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时 S am is are being 过去分词 Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow Asportsmeetingisbeingheld bythem now Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时 S have has
14、been 过去分词 Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek Theywouldhaveapartythenextday Apartywouldbehad bythem thenextday 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2
15、 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 变被动语态 七嘴八舌 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 3 Wefoundtheticketonthefloor 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveo
16、nlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomenin
