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1、 精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：初三 课 时 数：学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型 C （宾语从句）授课日期时段教学内容一、专题精讲 1. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是指在复合句中用作宾语的从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某一些形容词的宾语。宾语从句根据引导词的不同，可分为三类。(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省 略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriou
2、sly ill.来源:学#科#网 Z#X#X#KI am sure (that) he will succeed.(2) 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know wh
3、y the train is late.(3) 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“ 是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he li ves there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.2. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.来源:Z,xx,k.ComI think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me h
4、ow I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting. 3. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的 时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sport
5、s meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.来源:Z,xx,k.Com4. 宾语从句的结构变化1. 如果从句太长，可用形式宾语 it. 例如：I found
6、 that it was difficult to learn English well. = I found it difficult to learn English well.2. 当主句谓语动词是 know，learn ，find out, decide, discuss, tell teach,forget，remember等的宾语从句可以简化为 “wh/h-疑问词+ to do. ”作宾语。He told us how to solve the problem.他告诉我们如何解决那个问题。注意：1. 否定转移：当主句的主语为第一人称，动词是 think/believe/expect
7、 等时，如果从句是否定句，那么该否定形式通常要转移到主句中。如 I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成 I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.上述情况的反意疑问句主要和从句保持一致。如I dont think he will come back soon, will he?我想他不会很快就会回来，是吗？2. 当 do you think 的后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构为 “引导词+do you think +陈述句语序” 。如Who do you think Tom is waiti
8、ng for?你认为汤姆正在等谁？3. 下列情况下只能用 whether：在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用whether（ifor not 也可以使用） 。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not （Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not （I dont know whether or not he does any washin
9、g ）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用 whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用 whether。如：He hasnt decided
10、whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4. If 和 when 既能引导宾语从句，又能连接状语从句，因此遇到这两个词时要分辨清是哪种从句，从而具体情况具体分析。如I wonder if /when she will come back today.我想知道她今天是否（何时）回来。If / When she arrives, Ill call you at
11、 once.如果他到了（当他到了的时候） ，我会马上给你打电话。if / when 引导宾语从句, 分别表“ 是否”和“何时”，时态根据具体情况而定if/when 引导状语从句，分别表“ 如果”和“当的时候”，主将从现5. 当引导词（疑问词）本身是从句的主语时，不需要变语序。Could you tell me what was the matter with you ?你能告诉我你怎么了吗？Do you know which is the nearest way to the post office ?你知道去邮局最近的路吗？6. 情态动词 could / would 用于“请求”，表示委婉、
12、客气的语气时，不是过去时态，因而从句时态不受主句的约束。Would you please tell us who is our English teacher ?你是谁是我们的英语老师吗？2、典型例题分析 【杭州 2005】16. By the way, do you know the National Spelling Bee ? No, I never heard of it. Tell me_ , please.A. what is it B. what it is C. it is what D. is it what【解析】答案 B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序问题。宾语从句应该使用陈
13、述句语序，也就是需要遵循主谓结构。【杭州 2006】20. Why didnt Alice come to the party last night?-I dont know _.A. why didnt she B. why she didnt C. why did she D. why she did 【解析】答案 B。该题考查的是宾语从句语序问题。在宾语从句中应该使用陈述句语序。此外，该处答案中省略了 come to the party 部分。故选 B。【杭州 2008】27. Excuse me, but may I ask you_?A. what business youre in
14、 B. what business are you inC. in what business are you D. are you in what business【解析】答案 A。该题考查的是宾语从句。宾语从句中需要使用陈述句语序， B选项是疑问语序，C、D 两个选项的表达均不对，因此答案是 A。 【杭州 2011】29. Franklin told them all _ to be in Britain again.A. he was how happy B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. he was happy how【解析】答案 B
15、。该题考查宾语从句，宾语从句需要使用陈述句语序，所以正确答案是 B。【杭州 2012】26. Could you tell me _?-Of course.A. wheres there a good place to eat B. where theres a good place to eatC. where is a good place to eat D. where a good place is to eat【解析】答案 B。本题考查宾语从句以及 there be 句型的表达，宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序，因此排除 A、C 选项。而表达“某地有 .”需使用 there be 句型，因此答案为 B。三、专题过
