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1、被动语态复习 一 被动语态的定义 语态是动词的一种形式 用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系 当主语是谓语动作的执行者 则为主动语态 当主语是谓语动作的承受者 则为被动语态 被动语态由助动词be 过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 二 各种时态的被动语态构成1 一般现在时 Youarerequiredtodothis 2 一般过去时 Thestorywastoldbyher 3 一般将来时 Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow 4 现在进行时 Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom 5 过去进行时 Thenewroadwas
2、beingmade 6 现在完成时 Thenovelhasbeenread 7 情态动词 Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 三 主动语态变被动语态 Shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 一般现在时的被动语态构成 S 主语 am is are 过去分词 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 3 LingFeng
3、cantakegoodcareofPolly PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng 情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 4 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 5 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 现在进行时 S am is are being 过去分词 6 Wehave
4、madetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 现在完成时 S have has been 过去分词 7 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight Myhomeworkwasbeingdone byme at8 00lastnight 过去进行时 S was were being 过去分词 四 何时使用被动语态呢 一 行为主体不明确 不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时 例如 Footballisplayedallovertheworld 二 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时 例如 Mybikewasstol
5、en 我的自行车被盗了 三 汉语中含有 据说 据悉 有人说 大家说 等时 例如 Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS 众所周知 Itiswellknownthat 据推测说 Itissupposedthat 四 汉语中含有 被 由 等词时 例如 WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao 魏华是被林涛叫来的 五 某些句子习惯上用被动语态 例如 HewasborninOctober 1989 六 表示礼貌时 例如 Youarefriendlyinvited
6、tocometoourEnglishpartyat8 00p m tomorrow 敬请您明天晚上8 00光临我们的英语晚会 五 在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢 1 表示状态的动词 如have cost fit last own hold become等往往不能用于被动语态 例如 正 Theshirtfitshimverywell 误 Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt 2 祈使句一般没有被动语态 例如 正 Lookattheblackboard please 误 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 3 某些及物动词的宾语表示处所 地点 组织时不能用
7、于被动语态 例如 正 HejoinedtheLeaguein1998 误 TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998 4 由 动词 名词 构成的英语习语 如makefaces makefriends takeplace等 一般不可改为被动语态 例如 正 Theboymakefacesinclass 误 Facesaremadebytheboyinclass GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear 5 反身代词在句中作宾语时 不能用被动语态 例如 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 误 Yourselfmus
8、tbelookedafter Practice 先将主动句改为被动句 再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句1 PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm 3 Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow 4 Wehavemadetwentymorebeds 5 LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly 6 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight 一 如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语 或含省略to的不定式作宾补 变被动时有何变化呢 UncleLil
9、entustheboatlastweek 变被动 WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek 加上了to 有的也加for Mummademeanewdress IwasmadeanewdressbyMum Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother 间宾 人 作被动句的主语 一切依旧 而直宾 物 作主语 则须在间宾前添加to或for 加to的动词多为give send bring teach show pass write ask tell等 加for的动词有make draw
10、 buy等 二 Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees 变被动 Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents 加上了to 这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补 变被动时定要加上to 这种谓语动词有feel hear listento let make have see notice lookat watch 即常言道 一感二听三让四看见 Exercises 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthew
11、indowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 变被动语态 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanuseco
12、mputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps wewereg
13、iven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended
14、 mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem 16 Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag Imust tomoveawaythisheavybag 17 WasthewindowbrokenbyTom 变为主动语态 Tom thewindow behelped Di
15、dbreak 18 Thetractorwasn tdrivenoutoftheroad He thetractoroutoftheroad 19 Doesn tBobcleanthestreeteveryday thestreet byBobeveryday didn tdrive Isn tcleaned 20 Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime bythemtofinishthework Whatcanbe done 21 Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor Thedoctor
16、the thenewmedicine didn t makeanyof childrentry 将下列句子改为被动语态1 Wesweeptheflooreveryday 2 Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning 3 Hegavemeabookyesterday 巩固练习 4 Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman 5 Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom 6 Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor 7 Imadehimworktwohourseveryday 8 ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow 9 WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords 10 Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground 将下列句子改为主动语态1Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday 2 Hewasgivenapenbymeyesterday 3 Ch
