《虚拟语气(三)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《虚拟语气(三)（62页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、ANewEnglishGrammar ViceProfessorGanDaixia2010 3 虚拟语气三种语气简介语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴 英语中有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气 陈述语气 谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的 也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来 或提出一种看法 Flowersblossominspring Theyellowleavesarefallingintheautumnwind Themoonispeepingthroughthewindowatthesleeplessgirl It sprobablygoingtosnowto
2、morrow 祈使语气 表示号召 命令 请求 劝告 警告禁止等 Dodropintoseeus Keepoffthegrass 虚拟语气 把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的 假设 或 推断 而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件 它表达的是怀疑 忧虑 推测 假设 想象或祝福等 MothertoldmetoputonmysweaterlestIshouldcatchcold IwishIwereawhitecloud Ajudiciousmanwouldn tdolikethat 虚拟语气在条件句子中的运用英语中的条件句有2种 真实和非真实条件句 非真实条件句包括 虚拟条件句 推测条件句 错综时间条件
3、句 1 虚拟条件句有2种 一是叙述与现在事实相反的情况 另一是叙述与过去事实相反的情况 另外 还有一类用于推测将来的情况 也称推测条件句 would有时可以换成should could might Hewouldn tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow ifIhadtime Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou IfIknewtheanswerstoallyourquestions Iwouldbeagenius Ifwishesweehorses beggarsmightride Ifwe
4、hadn tmadeadequatepreparations theconferencewouldn thavebeensosuccessful Thefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagetothepeopleifwehadn tbuiltsomanyreservoirs Jackwouldhavediedifthedoctorshadn toperatedonhimtimely Ifhewereherethisevening wewouldplaycards IfsheweretomarryJack shewouldbehappy IfIweretodothewor
5、k Ishoulddoitinadifferentway Ifitshouldrainagain whatelsecouldIdo shewouldtellmeifsheshouldknowit Ifsheshouldhaveenoughmoney hewouldbuyit 比较 Ifitsnowedtomorrow Ifitweretosnow Ifitshouldsnow Ishould wouldstayathome 注意 1 条件句中有were had should could时 可以省略if 而把were had should could放在主句前 用倒装结构 这种用法多用语书面语中
6、 Wereitnecessary Imightresign Hadyouinformedmeearlier Iwouldn thavesignedthecontract ShouldIhavetime Iwouldcallonher CouldyoumeetMary youshouldnotbeabletorecognizeher Weretheytogetmarried theywouldbehappy Werehelivinghappily Iwouldbeverymuchastonished 2 虚拟语气中的主句也可以是疑问句 感叹句 祈使句 Ifshehadeverything wou
7、ldshebehappy IfhehadmarriedAlice howhappyhewouldhavebeen Ifyouweremanenough don tgiveup Ifyoushouldneedhelp pleasetellme 3 过去分词也可用于虚拟条件句中 这时的could是情态动词 表示 能够 相当于 hadbeenableto IfIcouldhaveearnedenoughmoney Ishouldhavetraveledovertheworld Ifyoucouldhavepreventedmistakes youmighthavebeenmoresuccessful
8、 4 条件从句中不可用would Ifhewouldhavecomeyesterday Ishouldhavetoldhim Ifhehadcomeyesterday Ishouldhavetoldhim 2 错综时间条件句 混合式虚拟语气HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning Ishouldnotbewetnow Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim youwouldknowwhattodonow IfIwereyou Iwouldn thavemissedthefilmlastnight Ifth
9、ecriminalwerehonest hewouldhavemadeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning theywouldarriveinhalfanhour Ifyouhesitatedthismoment youmightsufferinfuture IfIwererich Iwouldhaveboughtthevillalastyear 如果条件句做宾语从句 其动词形式不受主句谓语动词的影响 Ioftentellherthatifshehadmadeanothertry shemighth
10、avebeensuccessful 过去 Iwilltellherthatifshewould weretomakeanothertry shemightbesuccessful 将来 Ihavetoldherthatifshemadeanothertry shemightbesuccessful 现在 3无条件的虚拟语气表示 无条件 的词有 with without butfor or but otherwise even incaseof whatif Butfor ifitwerenotfor yourhelpwecouldn thavesucceeded Theywouldn thav
11、ereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithout ifitwerenotfor thatcommonground Withbetterequipment wecouldhavedoneitbetter Givenmoretime wewoulddoitbetter 4 含蓄条件句有时 句子中没有表示虚拟语气的词 短语或从句 但依然要用虚拟语气 这时 要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分 要么隐含在上下文中 称之 Iwoulddoanythingforher ifIcould Youmighthavefailed ifyoumadelessefforts Sheshouldhav
12、edied ifshehadtakenthatbus Evenstoneswouldshedtears tohearthesadnews Itwoulddoyounogood ifyoushouldgiveupthejob Heavenwouldcryattheirsufferings ifitwereabletoseetheirsufferings Shemighthaverefusedtoanswer ifyouhadaskedher Wecouldhavewonthebattle butwewereimpatient Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney butwegav
13、euphalfway Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided ifonehadbeenmorecareful 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 1 wish后的宾语从句与现在事实相反 were 动词的过去式与过去事实相反 had 过去分词 would could have 过去分词表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would should could might 动词原形Iwishshewere washere Iwishthemoonwereshiningatthemoment Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow Iwishshehadtake
14、nmyadvice Sophiawishedshehadn tdoneit IwishthatIhadneverseenher Iwishyouwouldn tbesonervous Hewishedshemightdobetternexttime ifonly和 I wouldthat后用虚拟语气表示现在没有实现的愿望 谓语动词 一般过去式 表示过去没有实现的愿望 谓语用过去完成式 had V ed 翻译为 要是 就好了 但愿 Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages WouldthatI
15、hadseenherbeforeshedied Ifonlyheweremorecautious WouldthatIwereyoungagain 虚拟语气用在suggest order demand等后的宾语从句中如 propose command request desire insist require decide promise arrange ask recommend advise maintain persist permit providedirect persuadedictateagreepraylegislatesentenceobject后用动词原形或should 动
16、词原形Hedeterminedthatshewouldgoatonce Theyintendedthatnewsshouldbesuppressed Ipreferthatyounoteatthemeat Sheinsistedthattheseatsshouldbebookedinadvance Theworkersdemandedthattheirwagesshouldberaisedby10percent Theyrequestedthatheshouldsingasong Headvisedthatthedoctorshouldbesentfor Thecommitteedecidedthatnooneshouldbeadmittedwithoutaticket SometimesshewouldsuggestthatIshouldbesavingsomeofthemoney Theexaminationinstructionsaskthatthestudentsshouldnotusearedpen Itwasarrangedthatsheleavethenextweek 虚
