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1、Argument 攻略 双击滚屏，单击停止作者：davidjacky来源：寄托天下 Argument 主要是要找到原文论断的逻辑错误（漏洞） ，然后，通过说出其它可能性，来攻击这些逻辑漏洞。一、ARGUMENT 结构性 ARGUMENT 的结构比较固定，易于掌握，一般都能写出个标准的“ 经典 5段式”，可以说这种模式是完全可以采用，同时也是最好的，最有效的。尽管现在有些网友对此有些看法，但是我从很多高分作文至少我周围的朋友调查来看，ETS 对这种经典的模式不但不恶心，反而表示认可，从范文中我们也能见到这种写法，因此从今天开始大家就要注意一点，为了写好这种模式，必须有很快的打字速度，当然天生打字
2、慢的（只要不是在键盘上找字母的人）也没有关系，勤加练习，然后我会给你们这些考生一个折衷模板，同样保证你的得分。这种文章的关键是抓住逻辑错误，这是拿到高分的第一点，最重要的一点。如果写了很多，没抓住要害，语言再好也拿不到高分。攻击的语言可以不专业化，但是抓住错误最关键。如果文字色彩很专业化，可以表现出逻辑修养，攻击的很地道，当然可以增加分值。写作时间为 30 分钟。总之，关于 Argument 习作，我想主要带着大家来理解和分析七种常见的逻辑错误，然后给大家写几个模板，但是最关键还是大家自己在备考的过程中不断的练习，最后达到游刃有余的地步，我们的目标是 Argument 上六分。好，下面我们从
3、ETS 的范文入手，来详细的看看如何写作。二、范文点评Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the regions highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elm
4、sford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobile accidents declined slightly during the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the regions highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestvilles s
5、peed limit to what it was before the increase.简单翻译：6 个月前，Forestville 地区提高了本地区公路上的最高时速限制，比原先提高了 10 公里。由于这个变化的影响，本地区车祸的数量提高了 15%。但是，Elmsford 地区（和 Forestville 地区相邻）并没有改变最高时速限制，它的车祸数量在同样的 6 个月里，反而有少量的减少。因此，如果 Forestville 市民想要减少公路上的车祸数量，他们应该想办法将本地区的最高时速限制减少到改变前的状态。分析题目：找到原题逻辑结构关系论据： F 地区提高最高时速限制 10 公里 -
6、车祸发生率增加 15% E 地区（和 F 相邻）没有改变最高时速限制-少量的减少结论： F 地区如果想要减少车祸，就要恢复到原来的最高时速限制。大家注意我们一定要搞清结论是什么，这一点我们可以通过信号性标志词来判断：thus, therefore, so, consequently 等等。The argument is well-presented, but not thoroughly well-reasoned. （说明论点有问题）By making a comparison of the region of Forestville, the town with the higher sp
7、eed limit and therefore automobile accidents, with the region of Elmsford, an area of a lower speed limit and subsequently fewer accidents, the argument for reducing Forestvilles speed limits in order to decrease accidents seems logical.（归纳论点，准备发起进攻）第二段：第一轮攻击攻击点：可能有其他原因，造成提高限速后车祸的增加。 （不一定是限速引起的）（本段主
8、题句）论证结构：总- 分- 总 However, the citizens of Forestville are failing to consider other possible alternatives to the increasing car accidents after the raise in speed limit.（它因法，这个以后我们也会讲到，也就是说造成提高限速后车祸的增加可能有其他原因，ISSUE 一样，这也是本段中心句）Such alternatives may include the fact that fewer)there are less (less rel
9、iable cars traveling the roads in Forestville, or that the age bracket of those in Elmsford may be more conducive to driving safely. It is possible that there are more younger, inexperienced, or more elderly, unsafe drivers in Forestville than there are in Elmsford. (可能原因：有可能是因为 F 地区比 E 地区有更多的老弱和不熟练
10、的驾车者) In addition, the citizens have failed to consider the geographical and physical terrain of the two different areas. Perhaps Forestvilles highway is in an area of more dangerous curves, sharp turns, or has many intersections or merging points where accidents are more likely to occur.(人们可能忽略了两地地
11、形地貌的差别,将分观点详细说，举例)It appears reasonable, therefore, for the citizens to focus on these trouble spots than to reduce the speed in the entire area. Elmsford may be an area of easier driving conditions where accidents are less likely to occur regardless of the speed limit.（这是个总结。因此，人们应该更加关注以上的问题，而不是减少限
12、速。E 地区可能是一个行车条件比较好的地区，时速限制对它的影响不大。 ）这种首句题出本段论点，然后，展开解释的写作方法，实用简单，为广大考生所采用，也是 ETS 阅卷人最喜欢的句子结构，一目了然。A six-month period is not a particularly long time frame for the citizens to determine that speed limit has influenced the number of automobile accidents in the area. It is mentioned in the argument tha
13、t Elmsford accidents decreased during the time period. This may have been a time, such as during harsh weather fewer) people were driving on the road and thereforeconditions, when less (less the number of accidents decreased. However, Forestville citizens, perhaps coerced by employment or other requ
14、irements, were unable to avoid driving on the roads.（仅仅以 6 个月的时间进行判断是没有道理的。因为提高限速后，6 个月相对车祸的发生数量来讲太短。或许这 6 个月是一个比较糟糕的天气情况，人们驾车外出减少，因此车祸减少（E 地区的情况） ，但是，F 地区，可能因为工作或者其他原因，被迫驾车外出。 （因为气候条件不好，所以 F 地区车祸增加，而此时刚好提高限速，大家都以为是提高限速惹的祸）Again, the demographics of the population are important. It is possible that
15、Elmsford citizens do not have to travel far from work or work from their home, or do not work at all. Are there more people in Forestville than there were sic months ago? If so, there may be an increased number of accidents due to more automobiles on the road, and not due to the increased speed limi
16、ts.（人口统计学也很关键，有可能 E 地区的人不用开车去上班，甚至不用上班；现在 F 地区的人口，是否比 6 个月前多。有可能是因为人口增加导致 F 地区路上的车辆增多而造成交通事故增加，而不是由于提高限速。这个地方有个疑问句的形式，符合 ETS 句型多变的要求）Also in reference to the activities of the population, it is possible that Forestville inhabitants fewer)safe times of the day, such as early inwere traveling during less (less the morning, or during twilight. Work or family habits may have encouraged citizens to drive during this time when Elmsford residents may no
