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1、丁腈和乙烯基手套是如何生产的丁腈和乙烯基手套是如何生产的 How nitrile and vinyl gloves are made 不同于乳胶手套 丁腈和乙烯基手套 的原料 并不是来自天然橡胶 这种手套是合成 的材料 但其生产过程与乳胶手套生产过程差异不大 Unlike latex gloves nitrile and vinyl gloves do not come from natural rubber These gloves come from synthetic materials but the manufacturing process is not too different
2、 from latex glove production 这是一些关于制造商如何生产这些手套的概述 Here is an overview of how manufacturers create these gloves 生成合成材料生成合成材料 生成丁腈和乙烯基材料的过程是相似的 Creating the synthetic materials The processes for creating the nitrile and vinyl materials is similar 丁腈手套所用的丁腈橡胶是一种共聚物 它是来自不同分子结合的物质 就丁腈橡胶来 说 其两部分是化学家用共聚过程所
3、结合的丁二烯和丙烯腈 这些分子为手套提供了实 实在在的优势 丙烯腈是耐化学性的 而丁二烯能生成弹性和耐撕扯性 The nitrile butadiene rubber NBR used for nitrile gloves is a copolymer which is a substance derived through the bonding of different molecules In the case of NBR the two parts are butadiene and acrylonitrile which chemists combine using a proce
4、ss known as copolymerization These molecules provide specific advantages for the gloves Acrylonitrile enhances the chemical resistance while butadiene creates flexibility and tear resistance 乙烯基手套来自于聚氯乙烯单体 因为化学家只用了一种单体来制得聚氯乙烯 这种材 料被称之为聚合物 一旦他们与物质聚合 化学家就要在聚氯乙烯中添加一种叫增塑剂 的化学物质 增塑剂使得材料易弯曲 否则当它用于形成 塑料 水管
5、时 聚氯乙烯就 会很硬 制得聚氯乙烯价格低廉 这使得它成为划算的可替代乳胶的 材料 并能应用 于手套频繁更换的地方 Vinyl gloves come from polyvinyl chloride PVC monomers alone Because chemists use only one species of monomer to create PVC the material is known as a polymer Once they have polymerized the substance the chemists add a chemical called a plast
6、icizer to the PVC The plasticizer makes the material flexible otherwise the PVC would be rigid as it is when used to form pipe PVC is inexpensive to create making it a cost effective alternative to latex and for applications where glove changes occur frequently 化学家结合了分子来制得聚氯乙烯和丁二烯橡胶来制作一次性手套 Chemists
7、 combine molecules to create PVC and NBR for disposable gloves 生产手套生产手套 一旦合成材料制成了 它们就来到工厂 加入 生产 线 虽然 有一些 生产 上的 例外 这一 生产 过程与乳胶手套的制作步骤大部分是相同的 Producing the gloves Once the synthetic materials are available they go to the factory for production With a few exceptions this process is mostly the same as t
8、he steps for manufacturing latex gloves 制造设备首先在水中启动陶瓷手模 漂白手模 清洗手模 然后去除掉上一轮清 洗手模留下的残留 待 手模干后 去除所有水分 随之 它们被浸在能帮助 合成材料在手模中凝固的碳酸钙和硝酸钙混合物中 之后 手模会再次干燥 The manufacturing equipment first runs ceramic hand shaped formers through water and bleach to clean them and remove any residue from the previous run The
9、formers then dry to remove all the water Then they dip in a mixture of calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate which helps the synthetic materials coagulate around the formers Afterward the formers dry again 设备将手模浸在充满丁二烯橡胶和聚氯乙烯的水槽中 当手套干了的时候 下一 个步骤就是将材料加热到高温使手套成形 The equipment dips the formers in tanks
10、 full of NBR or PVC The following step involves heating the materials at a high temperature to form the gloves as they dry 为了便于穿戴 丁腈手套要经过一个过程 氯化或高分子涂层 氯化指将手套浸 在氯中 混合酸或氯气中 以使材料更牢固 更光滑 高分子涂层通过在手套 表面增加一层聚合物使其光滑 For easier donning nitrile gloves undergo one of two processes chlorination or polymer coati
11、ng Chlorination involves exposing the gloves to chlorine as an acid mixture or gas to make the material harder and more slick Polymer coating lubricates the glove surface by adding a layer of polymer 最后 就是所谓的脱卸了 手套要从手模上卸下来 这叫做脱卸 Finally in what is known as the stripping phase the gloves are removed
12、from the formers This is called the stripping phase 质量检查质量检查 最后一个制造周期的步骤包括了测试手套和运载它们 Checking for quality The last steps of the manufacturing cycle include testing the gloves and shipping them 基于美国测试与材料协会 ATSM 所规定的 受美国食品药品监督管理局 FDA 所监管的质量控制过程包含有针孔渗漏测试 虽然所有的手套都会有一些细孔 这个测 试 是用来 告诉制造商这只手套是否有一定数量的导致明显渗漏
13、的细孔 The quality control process which is based on standards from the American Society for Testing and Materials ATSM and regulated by the U S Food and Drug Administration FDA includes the pinhole leak test While all gloves have some pinholes this test tells manufacturers whether a glove has enough p
14、inholes to lead to a noticeable leak 为了便于穿脱 丁腈手套经过了氯化或高分子涂层 这一过程 For easier donning nitrile gloves undergo chlorination or polymer coating 在手套中装下一公升的水后 工作人员会倒挂它们两分钟 看看手套是否能承载住水 检查级的手套能比工业级的手套经受更多次的测试 后者是由符合基本质量测试 但并 非检查级别中最高等级的手套组成的 After filling the gloves with 1 liter of water the workers hang the
15、m upside down for two minutes to see if the gloves can hold the water Exam grade gloves undergo more intensive testing than industrial grade gloves the latter is composed of gloves that meet basic quality tests but not the higher standards for exam grading 这些测试都有着抽样标准 AQLs 就是指多少手套在一个批次中的测试通过比例 这 样就可
16、决定整个批次是否通过 These tests adhere to acceptable quality limits AQLs which are percentages indicating how many gloves in a batch must fail the test to determine if the entire batch fails 最后一步就是工作人员包装手套 随后 手套会通过海运从东南亚的制造设备上运输到 最终目的地 有了这一过程 手套就从一个分子转变成了一个有效的防护屏障 The final step is for workers to package and pack the gloves Then the gloves ship from the manufacturing facilities in Southeast Asia via ocean freight to their final destinations With this journey the gloves have taken the final step from bein
