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1、Rangelcastillo Leonardo Shankar P Gopinath and Claudia S Robertson Management of Intracranial Hypertension Neurologic Clinics 26 2 2008 521 541 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 神经外科第一章 颅内高压症神经外科第一章 颅内高压症 Effective management of intracranial hypertension involves meticulous avoidance of factors that precipitate or a
2、ggravate increased intracranial pressure When intracranial pressure becomes elevated it is important to rule out new mass lesions that should be surgically evacuated Medical management of increased intracranial pressure should include sedation drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and osmotherapy with eit
3、her mannitol or hypertonic saline For intracranial hypertension refractory to initial medical management barbiturate coma hypothermia or decompressive craniectomy should be considered 处理颅内高压症的有效方式包括谨慎地避免突然发生或加重颅内压增高的因素 当颅内压升高时 重点是要排除需通过手术切除的新的占位性病变 医学上对颅 内压升高的处理包括镇静 脑脊液引流和用甘露醇或高渗盐水进行渗透治疗 对 于初始治疗难治性的
4、颅内高压 应考虑巴比妥药物 低温治疗或去骨瓣减压术 知识点总结 1intracranialadj 颅内的 2crani o 词根 表示颅骨 3meticulousadj 一丝不苟的 4precipitatev 使 突然发生 5lesionsn 损伤 6sedationn 镇静 7drainagen 排水 8cerebrospinaladj 脑脊髓的 9osmotherapyn 渗透疗法 10hypertonicadj 高渗的 11craniectomyn 颅骨切除术 Schneider Thomas et al Gliomas in Adults Deutsches Arzteblatt In
5、ternational 107 45 2010 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 神经外科第二章 胶质瘤神经外科第二章 胶质瘤 Gliomas account for 30 to 40 of all intracranial tumors About half of all gliomas in adults are glioblastomas The incidence of primary brain tumors in the USA is estimated to be 10 per 100 000 persons per year in a male female ratio of
6、6 4 Gliomas are typical tumors of middle age with peak incidence between the ages of 40 and 65 years As for their etiology only1 to 5 of thegliomascan beclassified as hereditary The vast majority of gliomas are thus sporadic and their cause is unknown in most cases The only known and generally accep
7、ted risk factor is ionizing radiation 胶质瘤占所有颅内肿瘤的 30 至 40 大约一半的成人胶质瘤是成胶质细胞瘤 据估计 美国每年原发性脑瘤的发病率为 10 10 万人 男女比例为 6 4 胶质 瘤是典型的中年人的肿瘤 发病高峰在 40 65 岁之间 至于其病因 只有 1 5 的胶质瘤属于遗传性 因此 绝大多数神经胶质瘤是散发的 其病因在大多 数情况下是未知的 唯一已知和普遍接受的危险因素是电离辐射 知识点总结 glioman 神经胶质瘤 glioblastomasn 成胶质细胞瘤 etiologyn 病因学 hereditaryadj 遗传的 spora
8、dicadj 散发的 ionizingadj 电离的 Brett E Youngerman1 et al Patterns of seizure prophylaxis after oncologic neurosurgery Journal of Neuro Oncology11 October 2019 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 神经外科第三章 颅内肿瘤与癫痫神经外科第三章 颅内肿瘤与癫痫 Approximately 75 000 primary brain tumors and 170 000 cerebral metastases are diagnosed annually
9、in the United States At the time of presentation between 20 and 40 of these patients will have had some form of seizures and more still will go on to develop them later in their course Many intracranial tumors predispose patients to seizures and neurosurgical procedures can at least transiently furt
10、her increase that risk Immediate postoperative seizures interfere with the assessment of consciousness and may expose potentially vulnerable brain tissue to further damage from epileptic activity hypoxia and transient increases in intracranial pressure and possibly increase the risk of subsequent se
11、izure via kindling effects 在美国 每年大约有 75 000 例原发性脑瘤和 170 000 例脑转移被诊断出来 在 发病时 20 40 的患者会有某种形式的癫痫发作 而且有更多病人会在以后 的病程中出现癫痫发作 许多颅内肿瘤易使患者癫痫发作 而神经外科操作至少 在短时间内会进一步增加这种风险 术后即刻的癫痫发作会干扰意识评估 并可 能使潜在的脆弱的脑组织受到癫痫活动 缺氧和颅内压瞬间升高的进一步损害 并可能通过点燃效应增加随后癫痫发作的风险 知识点总结 seizuresn 癫痫 predisposev 预先处置 使 偏向于 interferev 干涉 妨碍 介入 c
12、onsciousnessn 意识 知觉 vulnerableadj 易受攻击的 epilepticn 癫痫患者 adj 癫痫的 Phabinly J Gabriel et al Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal double flap reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches Acta Neurochirurgica 7 Decemnber 2019 木
13、仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 神经外科第四章 颅底重建神经外科第四章 颅底重建 Surgical resection of anterior skull base ASB tumors and sinonasal malignancies with intracranial extension require subsequent surgical reconstruction of the skull base defect In reconstructing the ASB defect the surgical objectives entail creating a watertig
14、ht dural seal providing a barrier between the paranasal sinuses and the intracranial space maintaining a functional sinonasal system and optimizing esthetic outcomes Failure to provide adequate reconstruction of these defects can result in significant complications including cerebrospinal fluid CSF
15、fistula formation meningitis and tension pneumocephalus 手术切除前颅底肿瘤和有颅内扩张的鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤时 需要后续手术重建颅 底缺损 在重建前颅底缺损的过程中 手术的目的在于创造一个不透水的密封硬 膜 在鼻窦和颅内空间之间提供一个屏障 从而维持一个功能性的鼻腔鼻窦系统 并优化美学效果 如果不能对这些缺陷进行充分的重建 可能会导致严重的并发 症 包括脑脊液 CSF 瘘管形成 脑膜炎和张力性气颅 知识点总结 1anterioradj 前面的 2skull base颅底 3sinonasaladj 鼻窦的 4entailv 使需要 必须 承担
16、 5duraladj 硬脑膜的 6sealn 密封 封条 7paranasaladj 鼻旁的 8estheticadj 美学的 9fistulan 瘘管 10meningitisn 脑膜炎 Phabinly J Gabriel et al Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal double flap reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches Acta Neurochirurgica 7 Decemnber 2019 11pneumocephalusn 颅内积气 12pneum o 前缀 表示气体
